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498 SecTioN iii Neurology aNd Special SeNSeS ` neurology—AnAtomy And Physiology Neurology aNd Special SeNSeS ` neurology—AnAtomy And Physiology
Hypothalamus Maintains homeostasis by regulating Thirst and water balance, controlling Adenohypophysis
(anterior pituitary) and Neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) release of hormones produced in
the hypothalamus, and regulating Hunger, Autonomic nervous system, Temperature, and Sexual
urges (TAN HATS).
Inputs (areas not protected by blood-brain barrier): OVLT (senses change in osmolarity), area
postrema (found in dorsal medulla, responds to emetics).
Lateral nucleus Hunger. Destruction anorexia, failure Lateral injury makes you Lean.
to thrive (infants). Stimulated by ghrelin,
inhibited by leptin.
Ventromedial nucleus Satiety. Destruction (eg, craniopharyngioma) VentroMedial injury makes you Very Massive.
hyperphagia. Stimulated by leptin.
Anterior nucleus Cooling, parasympathetic. A/C = Anterior Cooling.
Posterior nucleus Heating, sympathetic. Heating controlled by Posterior nucleus
(“Hot Pot”).
Suprachiasmatic Circadian rhythm. SCN is a Sun-Censing Nucleus.
nucleus
Supraoptic and Synthesize ADH and oxytocin. SAD POX: Supraoptic = ADH, Paraventricular
paraventricular = OXytocin
nuclei ADH and oxytocin are carried by neurophysins
down axons to posterior pituitary, where these
hormones are stored and released.
Preoptic nucleus Thermoregulation, sexual behavior. Releases Failure of GnRH-producing neurons to migrate
GnRH. from olfactory pit Kallmann syndrome.
Thalamus Major relay for all ascending sensory information except olfaction.
nuClei inPut senses destinAtion mnemoniC
Ventral Spinothalamic and dorsal Vibration, Pain, Pressure, 1° somatosensory
Postero- columns/medial lemniscus Proprioception, Light cortex
Lateral touch, temperature
nucleus
Ventral Trigeminal and gustatory Face sensation, taste 1° somatosensory Makeup goes on
postero- pathway cortex the face
Medial
nucleus
Lateral CN II, optic chiasm, optic tract Vision 1° visual cortex Lateral = Light
geniculate (calcarine sulcus)
nucleus
Medial Superior olive and inferior Hearing Auditory cortex of Medial = Music
geniculate colliculus of tectum temporal lobe
nucleus
Ventral lateral Cerebellum, basal ganglia Motor Motor cortex
nucleus
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