Page 19 - นาวิกศาสตร์ เดือน พฤศจิกายน ๒๕๕๓
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π“«‘°»“ μ√å


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              °√≥»°…“‡ª√¬∫‡∑¬∫  The Art of War °∫ On War
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                     Ò. «—μ∂ª√– ß§å„π√–¥—∫¬∑∏»“ μ√å (On strategic objective) „π
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              °“√‡Õ“™π– ß§√“¡ ´π « „™À≈°°“√≈«ßÀ√Õ„™Õ∫“¬‡ªπÀ≈° °“√‚®¡μ’
              ¢â“»÷°¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë¡’ ·≈–°“√ √â“ߧ«“¡‡¢â¡·¢Áß„Àâ°—∫°Õß∑—æ  à«π
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              ‡§≈“‡´«∑´ §Õ „™°”≈ß∑À“√„À¡“°∑ ¥ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À≥♗¬™π–„π π“¡√∫ ∑À“√
              ‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ß‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ‡¥’¬«∑’Ë®–„™â„π°“√∑” ß§√“¡ ∑”≈“¬≈â“ßΩÉ“¬μ√ߢⓡ¥â«¬
              °“√√∫·μ°À—° (Decisive battle) ‚¥¬¡ÿàß à®ÿ¥»π¬å¥ÿ≈ (Centre of Gravity) °“√
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               ß§√“¡‡ªπ°“√„™°”≈ß∫ߧ∫»μ√¢Õ߇√“ „À°√–∑”μ“¡∑’‡√“ª√“√∂π“
              (War is thus an act of force to compell our adversary to do our will ) ·π«§‘¥¢Õß
              ‡§≈Ⓡ´«‘∑´åπ—È𠥇À¡◊Õπ«à“‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ßÀπ∑“ß∑’Ë “¡∑’Ë ´ÿπ « °≈à“«‰«â §◊Õ Àπ∑“ß∑’Ë¥’
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              ∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ ‡Õ“™π–¥â«¬π‚¬∫“¬ (™π–‚¥¬‰¡àμâÕß√∫) Àπ∑“ß∑’Ë Õߧ◊Õ ™π–¥â«¬
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              °“√∑Ÿμ Àπ∑“ß∑ “¡™π–„π π“¡√∫ ·≈–Àπ∑“ß∑’ˇ≈«√⓬∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ ‡Õ“™π–
              ¥â«¬°“√‰ª‚®¡μ’‡¡◊Õߢ⓻÷° „π«—μ∂ÿª√– ß§å√–¥—∫¬ÿ∑∏»“ μ√åπ’È ºâ‡¢’¬π§‘¥«à“ ‡Àμÿ
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              ∑’Ë ‡§≈Ⓡ´«‘∑´å §‘¥®–„™â°”≈—ß∑À“√„Àâ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥„π°“√∑” ß§√“¡°Á‡æ√“–
              ‡§≈â“ ‡´«‘∑´å‡ªìπºŸâπ”∑À“√ ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π¢≥–π—Èπ°Á§◊Õ∑À“√ ®÷ߥ”√ß®ÿ¥¡ÿàߧ◊Õ
              ∑”Õ¬à“߉√®÷ß®–„™â°”≈—ß∑À“√„π°“√‡Õ“™π– ß§√“¡  à«π‡√◊ËÕß°“√‡¡◊Õß ‡§≈Ⓡ´«‘∑´å
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              °Á§‘¥‡™àπ°—π ¥—ß§”°≈à“«∑’Ë«à“  ß§√“¡‡ªπ°“√¥”‡ππμÕ‡πÕßμ“¡π‚¬∫“¬
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              ‚¥¬‡§√Õß¡ÕÕπ Ê (War is mere the continuation of policy by other means)
              À√◊Õ «—μ∂ÿª√– ß§å∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õߧ◊Õ‡ªÑ“À¡“¬  ß§√“¡‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ∑’Ë®–„Àâ
              ∫√√≈ÿ‡ªÑ“À¡“¬π—Èπ ·≈–‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ‰¡àÕ“®·¬°°“√æ‘®“√≥“®“°‡ªÑ“À¡“¬‰¥â
              (The political object is the goal, war is the means of reaching it, and means can
              never be considered in isolation from their purpose)  à«π‡√◊ËÕß°“√≈«ßÀ√◊Õ
              °“√„™âÕÿ∫“¬ ‡∑à“∑’Ë»÷°…“¡“·¡â‡§≈Ⓡ´«‘∑´å®–‰¡à‰¥â°≈à“«‰«â‚¥¬μ√ß ·μà°Á‰¥â
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              °≈à“««à“°“√∑” ß§√“¡μâÕß∑”≈“¬§«“¡μ—ß„®¢ÕßΩÉ“¬μ√ߢⓡ (Enemy Will)
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              ·≈–·π«§‘¥∑’Ë¡’™◊ËÕ‡ ’¬ß¡“°¢Õ߇¢“Õ’°ª√–‚¬§Àπ÷Ëß°Á§◊Õ ç¬∑∏»“ μ√·Àß°“√„™ â
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              «∏ÕÕ¡é (Strategy Of Indirect Approach) °Á‡™◊ËÕ∂◊Õ«à“™—¬™π–®–‰¥â¡“°Á¥â«¬
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              «‘∏’°“√‚¥¬ æ≈°·æ≈ßÕÕ¡§âÕ¡
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                                            Ú. Õߧåª√–°Õ∫√–¥—∫¬ÿ∑∏»“ μ√å (On strategic factors) Õߧå
                                     ª√–°Õ∫ ”§—≠∑’ËμâÕߪ√–‡¡‘π·≈–μ√«® Õ∫‡æ◊ËÕ„À≥♗¬™π–„π ß§√“¡ ´ÿπ «Ÿ
                                     ‰¥â°≈à“«‰«â ı ª√–°“√‰¥â·°à   §ÿ≥∏√√¡ (moral influence)  ¿“æÕ“°“» (weather)
                                     æ◊Èπ∑’Ë°“√√∫ (terrain) ·¡à∑—æ (commander) ·≈–°Æ√–‡∫’¬∫ (discipline)
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