Page 238 - The City and Guilds Textbook: Plumbing Book 1 for the Level 3 Apprenticeship (9189), Level 2 Technical Certificate (8202) and Level 2 Diploma (6035)

The City & Guilds Textbook: Plumbing Book 1

Causes of variation orders

A: Owner-related variations B: Consultant-related variations C: Contractor-related variations D: Other variations

Change of plans or scope Change in design by Contractor's lack of involvement Weather conditions
by owner consultants in design
Change of schedule by owner Errors and omissions in design Unavailability of equipment Safety considerations

Owner’s financial problems Conflicts between contract Unavailability of skills Change in government
documents regulations

Inadequate project objectives Inadequate scope of work for Contractor’s financial difficulties Change in economic regulations
contractor

Replacement of materials/ Technology change Contractor’s desired profitability Socio-cultural problems
procedures

Impediment in prompt Value engineering Differing site conditions Unforeseen problems
decision-making process

Obstinate nature of owner Lack of coordination Defective workmanship

Change in specifications by Design complexity Unfamiliarity with local conditions
owner

The customer may change Inadequate working drawing Lack of specialised construction
the specifications for a very details manager
good reason.
Inadequate shop drawing details Fast-track construction

Consultant’s lack of judgement Poor procurement process
and experience
There may be a lack of
Consultant’s lack of knowledge of Lack of communication communication by the
available materials and equipment contractor.

Honest wrong belief of consultant Contractor’s lack of
judgement & experience

Consultant’s lack of required data Long lead procurement
Obstinate nature of consultant Honest wrong belief of contractor

Ambiguous design details Complex design and technology

Design discrepencies (inadequate Lack of strategic planning
design)

Non-compliant design with Contractor’s lack of required data
govt. regulations

Non-compliant design with Contractor’s obstinate nature
owner’s requirements

Change in specifications by
consultant

p Figure 4.12 Causes of variation orders

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