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slightly lower of fibre volume fraction with the value of 0.28 and 0.31, respectively.
From the literature, the typical fibre volume fraction for natural fibres was between 20
to 40 % and it was highly dependent on the geometric parameters of the fibre
arrangement within the fibrous structure, orientation and the spacing between fibres
[140].
Table 4.2 Summary of weight and volume fraction of hybrid and pure composites
Total Weight Weight Volume Volume
Fibre Panel fraction fraction fraction fraction
fibre
Hybrid weight weight weight fibre, matrix, fibre, matrix,
(g) (g)
(g)
E-glass 30.30
G2/B3/G2 37.98 55.95 0.68 0.32 0.49 0.51
Basalt 7.68
E-glass 27.53
G2/J3/G2 36.79 59.58 0.62 0.38 0.42 0.58
Jute 9.26
E-glass 32.31
G2/F3/G2 40.41 60.55 0.67 0.33 0.47 0.53
Flax 8.10
E-glass 26.59
[G/B]3G 33.33 45.36 0.73 0.27 0.54 0.46
Basalt 6.74
E-glass 27.53
[G/J]3G 36.79 64.35 0.57 0.43 0.38 0.62
Jute 9.26
E-glass 26.73
[G/J]3G 33.42 49.44 0.68 0.32 0.46 0.54
Flax 6.70
Weight Weight Volume Volume
Panel
Total fibre fraction fraction fraction fraction
Pure weight
weight (g) fibre, matrix, fibre, matrix,
(g)
G7 55.01 79.78 0.69 0.31 0.52 0.48
B7 17.92 23.94 0.75 0.25 0.49 0.51
J7 24.30 64.22 0.38 0.62 0.28 0.72
F7 16.41 41.32 0.40 0.60 0.31 0.69
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