Page 128 - Template Tesis UTM v2.0

4.4 Static Analysis

In general, static is referring to when the load is applied constantly that caused

the structure to deform at very low strain rate. Here, the acceleration is normally

assumed as zero, thus, the time and inertia effects are negligible. Several studies
investigated the static condition for composite material properties characterisation

[34, 45, 141–146] while others focused on conducting tensile tests on E-glass/flax

[147], E-glass/jute [148] and E-glass/basalt [149–150].

Moreover, few researches conducted flexural tests on hybrid composite

materials, such as basalt/carbon [151], aramid and basalt [90], Palmyra palm leaf stalk
fibre/E-glass [43], E-glass/basalt reinforced epoxy for marine application [50] and the

combinations of basalt and E-glass with flax and hemp [80]. In recent years, the quasi-
static indentation test has garnered much attention as reported in the literature, and

some of the previous studies had focused on jute epoxy with cork sandwich [46],
GFRP [130], carbon epoxy with Nomex honeycomb [129] and graphite/epoxy,

graphite/BMI and carbon/epoxy [131].

4.5 Dynamic Analysis

A dynamic load will cause a structure to vibrate as the acceleration is not zero

and the inertia effect must be considered during testing. For this analysis, a low
velocity impact and Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) are considered as dynamic

tests since the applied load is time dependent with the intended strain-rate. Hence, the

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strain-rate can be classified as ultra-high strain rates (> 10 s ), very high strain rates
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2 -1
4 -1
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(> 10 s ), high strain rates (> 10 s ), quasi-static (< 10 s ) and creep (> 10 s )
[152].

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