Page 167 - Template Tesis UTM v2.0

4000

3500

3000

2500
G2/F3/G2
Force (N) 2000 [G/F]3G

1500

1000

500

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Time (ms)

Figure 4.25 Force - time histories between G2/F3/G2, and [G/F]3G

4.9.2 The Effects of Hybridisation on the Force - Time Histories of Hybrid and

Pure Composites

As seen in Figure 4.26, the pure laminate of G7 shows the highest peak force

compared to B7, J7 and F7. The G7 and B7 laminates show a similar pattern with a peak

force between 7 and 8 ms while J7 laminate shows a different pattern compared to the
others starting with a linear increase (1 to 3 ms), before an oscillating increase up to

1200 N (3 to 5 ms). This continued into a second linear increase which reached 1450
N (5 to 7 ms) and ended with a sudden drop. It is observed that there is no sudden drop

in the F7 laminate and the total time required is longer (19 ms) compared to other pure

laminates. Generally, the hybrid laminates of G2/B3/G2, G2/J3/G2 and G2/F3/G2 show
the increasing of peak force compared to their dedicated laminates. These show that

they are able to compensate the weaknesses and disadvantages of natural fibres which
are indicated by a greater load bearing ability as revealed in the previous studies

[9, 18].

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