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MODUL • Fizik TINGKATAN 5

Latihan / Exercise
1 Isyarat sonar telah dihantar secara menegak ke dasar laut dari sebuah kapal dan dipantulkan dari dasar laut dan dikesan oleh
mikrofon 0.8 s selepas dipancarkan. Jika halaju bunyi dalam air ialah 1 500 m s , berapakah kedalaman dasar laut itu?
–1
A sonar signal sent vertically downwards from a ship is reflected from the ocean floor and detected by a microphone on the keel 0.8 s
after transmission. If the speed of sound in water is 1 500 m s , what is the depth of the ocean?
–1
Penyelesaian
Solution Maklumat tambahan:
Additional information:
2d = v × t
2d = (1 500 m s ) × (0.8 s)
–1
1 500 m s × 0.8 s
–1
d = = 600 m
UNIT 1
2

Gelombang Elektromagnet
1.7 Electromagnetic Waves

1 Gelombang elektromagnet ialah gelombang melintang, yang terdiri daripada ayunan medan elektrik dan medan magnet yang
berserenjang dengan satu sama lain. / Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves, consisting of oscillating electric
fields and magnetic fields which are perpendicular to each other.

Medan elektrik / Electric field

Medan magnet
Magnetic field
Arah perambatan gelombang
Direction of propagation of waves

2 Spektrum elektromagnet ialah siri gelombang-gelombang elektromagnet mengikut ketertiban panjang gelombang secara
menurun atau frekuensi secara menaik. / Electromagnetic spectrum is a series of electromagnetic waves in descending order of
wavelength or ascending order of frequency.
Cahaya
Radio Gelombang mikro Infra merah nampak Ultraungu Sinar X Sinar gamma
Radio Microwaves Infrared Visible light Ultraviolet X-rays Gamma rays

Lebih panjang / Longer Panjang gelombang (m) / Wavelength (m) Lebih pendek / Shorter
10 2 10 1 10 –1 10 –2 10 –3 10 –4 10 –5 10 –6 10 –7 10 –8 10 –9 10 –10 10 –11 10 –12 10 –13

Saiz kesetaraan secara hampir: / The size of almost equality

Kepala Nukleus
Padang bola Manusia Rama-rama jarum Bakteria Virus Molekul Atom atom
Football field Human Butterfly Needle head Becteria Virus Molecule Atom Nucleus
atom

Lebih rendah / Lower Frekuensi (Hz) / Frequency (Hz) Lebih tinggi / Higher

10 6 10 7 10 8 10 9 10 10 10 11 10 12 10 13 10 14 10 15 10 16 10 17 10 18 10 19 10 20 10 21

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