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MODUL • Fizik TINGKATAN 5

Komponen medan magnet dan medan elektrik saling bergetar berserenjang antara satu sama lain dan ke arah perambatan
gelombang.
The magnetic field and electric field components of the wave oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation of
the wave.

dikutubkan
Gelombang melintang Boleh polarised .
Transverse waves Can be .

Mematuhi persamaan gelombang, Sifat Gelombang Boleh merambat melalui vakum pada
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c (halaju cahaya) = f λ Elektromagnet kelajuan cahaya c = 3 × 10 m s –1
Obey the wave equation, Properties of Can travel through a vacuum at the speed
UNIT 1
c (speed of light) = f λ Electromagnetic of light c = 3 × 10 m s
–1
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Waves
Tenaga dipindahkan oleh
gelombang. Neutral elektrik
Energy is transferred by the Electrically neutral
waves.

Mempunyai fenomena yang sama seperti cahaya:
Tidak memerlukan medium Undergo the same phenomena as light:
untuk merambat. Pantulan, biasan, belauan dan interferens
Do not require a medium to
propagate. Reflection, refraction, diffraction and interference

Kesan buruk dan aplikasi gelombang elektromagnet
Detrimental effects and the applications of electromagnetic waves

Jenis gelombang EM Sumber Aplikasi Kesan buruk
Types of EM waves Source Application Detrimental effects
Gelombang radio Pemancar / litar pengayun i. Telekomunikasi (telefon) Dos berlebihan menyebabkan
elektrik Telecommunications (telephone) kanser dan leukimia
Radio waves Transmitter / electrical ii. Penyiaran (TV dan radio) Large doses of radio wave may
oscillating circuit Broadcasting (TV and radio) cause cancer and leukaemia
iii. Komunikasi dalam kapal terbang,
kapal dan peluru berpandu
Communication in aircrafts, ships and
missiles
iv. Digunakan dalam radio astronomi
Used in astronomy radios

Gelombang mikro Pemancar gelombang mikro i. Radar, memasak Katarak, kesan pada otak
Microwaves dan oven Radar, cooking Cataracts, effects on the brain
Microwave transmitter, ii. Satelit komunikasi
Microwave ovens Communication satellites

Inframerah Objek panas Alat kawalan jauh, kamera, sistem Pemanasan melampau
Hot objects keselamatan Overheating
Infrared Remote control, camera, security systems

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