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16                                   TGfU & MINI GAME



                                 to execute skill execution and finally step 6: upgrading
                                 game performance by adapting all the steps. Based on
                                 the original TGfU model, a simplified pedagogical model
                                 was created, known as Tactical Game Model (TGM), by
                                 Mitchell, Oslin & Griffin, (2005) advocates the invasion
                                 game  framework  of  scoring,  preventing  scoring  and
                                 restarting play by  players  on ball  and players without
                                 ball (Mitchell, Oslin & Griffin, 2005).


                                 2.2.2 Technical Model (TM)
                                 This research utilized the pedagogical framework of skill
                                 development  known  as  Technical  Model  (TM)  outlined
                                 by  Rink  (2002).  She  outlined  four  stages  in  skill
                                 development  and  tactical  development,  with  giving
                                 attention to skill first and then tactical as illustrated in
                                 figure 2.2. Stage one (1) the ability to control the object
                                 (example: roll and tap in ball control hockey, stage two
                                 (2)  execution  skills  in  combination  (example,  passing
                                 and dribbling in hockey), stage three (3) basic offensive


                                                       Stage one (1)
                                                  Ability to control the object

                                                       Stage two (2)
                                                Execution skills in combination

                                                       Stage three (3)
                                            Basic offensive and defensive  strategy

                                                       Stage four (4)
                                                 Modified games or full games

                                           Figure 2.2: Technical Model (TM), (Rink, 2002)
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