Page 33 - TGfU & Mini Game Flip Book

LITERATURE REVIEW 17

and defensive strategy (example, one-on-one but no
shooting at goals and stage four (4) modified games
with changes in rules, boundaries, players or playing
full game.
The technical model or skilled-based learning
underpins behaviorism theory. As Light (2005) noted
that behaviorism theory focuses on gross body behavior;
therefore the behaviorism requires a highly structured
and technical lessons pedagogical approach. Behaviorist
conceives of cognition and learning as being mechanical
processes and strives to understand learning by reducing
to simplest components. As skilled-based approach
focuses on body in terms of observable measurements.
Again Light (2005) argued, game players need to develop
fundamental movement skills before embarking to a
more complex movement of game play, as this indicated
skill-based approach too vital in developing fundamental
as prerequisite for game play.
The common practice of coaches and teachers using
traditional skill approach is called as direct instructional
approach (Metzler, 2005). It is characterized by coach or
teacher-centered decision and coaches and teachers
directed engagement patterns for learners. In this
approach, (1) the coach has a clear set of learning goals,
(2) presents the players with the desired movement,
skill or concept, and (3) organizes the activities into
blocks of time that are arranged to provide high rates of
feedback during practice. This approach focuses on giving
the students as many practice opportunities as possible
so that the coach or teacher can observe the skill
attempts and provide high frequencies of appropriate
feedback (Metzler, 2005; Turner & Martinek, 1999)