Page 173 - NAVAL SCIENCE 3 TEXTBOOK

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Mooring lines are llumbered from forward to aft
in the order that they are run out from the ship. Many
ships are normally moored with st.\: lines, though large
ships Illay lise seven or eight, aircraft carriers thir-
teen, and small ships as few as foul'. In nny event, the
2 5 6
3 FE EAS 4
lines nrc grouped according to their lise as bow, stern,
spring, or breast lines.
PlEA
BOW FORWARD AFTER FORWARD AFTER STERN
LINE BOW BOW QUARTER QUARTER LINE The bow line, line one, is the mooring line that
SPRING SPRING SPRING SPRING
runs through the bull-nose or chock nearest the bow
of the ship. For larger ships this line is led ",ell up the
pier to stop the ship from moving aft; similarly the
last line. the stern line, is led aft to stop any forward
Illation of the ship. For smaller ships, howc\1er, the
bow and stern lines lead directly to the pier to serve
as breast lines, explained below. Bow spring lines lead
4 LINE NO. NAME
1 BOW LINE fore and aft at an angle and control the fore-and-aft
3 2 AFTER BOW SPRING
3 BOW BREAST movement of the ship. Quarter spring lines do <1 simi-
2 4 FORWARD BOW SPRING
5 FORWARD WAIST SPRING 1<11' job from the ship's quarter.
6 AFTER WAIST SPRING Breast lilies are at a right angle to the ship and
7 FORWARD WAIST SPRING
8 WAIST BREAST control the distance to that pari of the ship from the
9 AFTER WAIST SPRING
10 AFTER OUARTER SPRING pier. Bre<1sllines are design<1ted bow, waist, or quarter
11 OUARTER BREAST
12 FORWARD QUARTER SPRING breast lines.
13 STERN LINE
The size of mooring line used depends on the
type of line and size of ship. Destroyers 11000m<1l1), use
5-inch 11),1011. Smaller N<lV}' ships use 4-il1ch nylon,
and large ships like aircraft carriers LIse 8-inch nylon.
If manil<1 is L1sed for mooring lines, the next l<lrger
sizes of maniJa line are used.
\·Vhen the ship is secmed, the mooring lines are
norma II)' doubled up. To double up a line, an addi-
tional bight of it is passed around the fitting on the
pier or other ship to which the line is attached. Then
1Q--+-o8
slack is taken out ulltil the two parts of the bight arc
alongside the original part of the line. Thus, three
parts of the line absorb the str<1in, rather than just one.
9
Often with a line to i.1 pier, the three p<1rts arc bound
12 together with smaU stuff, and <1 conical rat gilaI'd is
/H";'-+-o11 phlCcd about midway lip the line, with the open end
10 facing the pier, so that ntts and mice cannot crawl up
the line onto the ship.

Towing
13
Iv10st routine towing in the Navy is handled by harbor
tugs, fleet tugs, salvage vessels. and submarine rescue
vessels. Such vessels are especiaU}' fitted for this task.
The standard mooring patterns and their names for a large ship such as a carrier
and a small one such as a destroyer. All ships, however, must be able to tow or be towed in
an emergency.
On the stern of mosl N<1v)' ships, a towing padeye
is located on the centerline. The towing assembly h<ls