Page 46 - NAVAL SCIENCE 3 TEXTBOOK

NAVA L OPERATIO NS AND SU PPORT FUNCTIO NS 51

tin ely for tactical communications among surface ships, ground pose random noise patterns on the broadcast signal. Only properly
forces, and aircraft. There is almost no delay in transmission, and equipped receivers can decipher such messages.
acknowledgments can be returned immediately. Most tactical R/T Those using R/T voice radio communications must pro-
equipment has line-of-sight capability only; that is, the radio waves nounce words properly and have a thorough knowledge of the
go in straight lines and do not follow the curvature of the Earth. phonetic alphabet. Because the phonetic alphabet is used routinely
Over-the-horizon (OTH) R/T communication can be done using in the Navy and other services and will often be used during the
low frequency radio or communications satellite links. Most R/T NJROTC course of study, all cadets should learn it.
transmissions are sent in plain language, so there must be strict cir- Satellite communications. Most long distance and data com-
cuit discipline, that is, prescribed frequencies, language, and proce- munication in the Navy today is done via satellite. The Navy is
dures must be used. Broadcast R/T is considered the least secure very active in space satellite communications research and devel-
means of electronic communications, because anyone within opment. Essentially, satellite communications are an application
range can copy the message. For voice communications requiring of long distance radio relay, wherein ships, ground stations or air-
high security, automatic encryption devices are used that superim- craft can communicate with each other via satellite relay stations
high above the Earth. There are several different groups or con-
stellations of military communications satellites presently in orbit
and more planned for the future. The services also make use of
Phonetic Pronunci auan internatIOnal
Lener
Alphabet Guide Morse Code
commercial communications satellites to provide extra capabil-
A ........ . . . . ALFA .... .. .... AL FA ....... .. .. ity when needed. These links enable instant communications with
B .... .... ... BRAVO ...... .. BRAH VO!! .. .. ..
C.. CHARLIE ...... CHAR LEE ...... . military units worldwide, and allow for live reception of televised
D ........... DELTA ... .... .. DELL TAH ..... ..
E .... ...... . ECHO ......... ECK OH ...... .. . sporting events and personal e-mail and video cam services wher-
F FOXTROT ..... FOKS TROT .. .. .. ever a service member may be deployed.
G ...... .... . GOLF .......... GOLF ....... .... .
H .... ........ HOTEL ........ HOH TELL ...... . Tactical data links. The Navy and other armed services transmit
L ........ . .. INDIA ......... IN DEE AH .... ..
L ........... JULlETT .... .. :!Fw LEE ETT .. . tactical data among surveillance and weapons control system com-
K .......... .. KILO ...... .... KEY LOH .-:-:-:-: .. .
L ............ LIMA LEE MAH ...... .. puters on ships, ground stations and aircraft via transmission of
M ........... MIKE. ......... MIKE ....... .... .
N NO VEMBER __ . NO VEM BER .. .. digital data over radio networks called tactical digital information
0 .......... .. OSCAR ........ OSS CAH ........ .
P ............ PAPA ........ .. PAH PAH ...... .. links (TADILs) . Data transmitted over these links either directly or
Q ...... ...... QUE BEC ....... 1 KAY !!~~ .... .. via communication satellites can enable geographically dispersed
R .......... . ROMEO ...... .. ,! !i9~: ME OH . __ .
S .... ...... .. SIERRA ....... SEE AIR RAH .. .. forces to receive a complete tactical picture of everything happen-
T ........ .... TANGO ........ TANG- CO ....... .
U.. UNIFORM ..... YOlI- NEE FORM. ing in a designated battJespace for hundreds of miles. Other links
V ............ VICTOR ....... yIKTAH .. .... ..
W ........... WHISKEy ..... WISS KEy ..... .. transmit tactical data between aircraft, or between air controllers
X ........... 1 XRAy ........ . ECKS RAL ..... .
Y ........... yANKEE ...... XA.NG KEy .... .. on land or aboard ship and the tactical aircraft they are directing.
Z ........... ZULU .......... , ~9.Q LOO ........ .
Pronunci acian Incernauonal
Number
Guide Morse Code
International Morse Code
L .. . ...... .. ...... .. .. WUN ... .......... .... .
2 ....... .. . . ........ ... TOO .......... ....... .. International Morse code is used for naval communications trans-
3 .... ................. . THUH·REE ..... ..... ..
4 ....... .. ....... .... .. FO·WER .... . ....... . . . mitted by flashing light. The code is a system in which the char-
5 ....... ............... FI· Y1V .... . .. ........ ..
6 ...... .... .. ...... .. .. SIX .... ............. .. acters (letters, numbers, and punctuation marks) are represented
7 ............... ... . .. .. SEVEN ....... ....... .. by various combinations of dots and dashes. A skilled signalman
L: :::::::::::::::j ~r~t~::::: ::::::::::: sends code in evenly timed dots and dashes in which the dash is
three times as long as the dot.
Name Morse Semaphore Symbol Many NJROTC cadets may want to learn international Morse
Colon OS code well enough to send and receive their names or short messages.
Comma tmJ
Hyphen or dash DU
Parenthesis/left KN ( Visual Communications
Paren thesis/right KK ) Visual communications may be done over short distances, weather
AAA
Period conditions permitting. Visual means are often as reliable and con-
Question mark IMI ? venient as radio, and usually more secure. Radio waves go out in all
Slant sign XE / directions (omni-directional), whereas visual signals can only be
received by observers relatively close by, and in the case of flashing
The phonetic alphabet and international Morse code.