Page 56 - Clinical Application of Mechanical Ventilation

22 Chapter 1

3. Static compliance is primarily affected by a patient’s ___ whereas the dynamic compliance is primarily
affected by a patient’s ___.
A. elastic property of the lungs, airflow resistance
B. elastic property of the lungs, minute ventilation
C. airflow resistance, elastic property of the lungs
D. airflow resistance, minute ventilation

4. The slope of a pressure-volume (P-V) loop is shifted toward the pressure axis. This condition is consistent
with a(n):

A. increase in compliance. C. decrease in compliance.
B. increase in conductance. D. decrease in airflow resistance.

5. The most recent blood gas report shows that a patient is hypoventilating (PaCO 5 65 mm Hg). The
2
physician asks the therapist to improve the patient’s alveolar ventilation by making changes to the ventila-
tor settings. The therapist should:
A. decrease the tidal volume.
B. increase the mechanical deadspace on the ventilator circuit.
C. increase the frequency.
D. increase the F O .
I
2
6. Hypoventilation is characterized by a(n):

A. increased PaO . C. increased PaCO .
2
2
B. increased pH. D. B and C only.
7. Ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch is common in lung diseases. For example, a low V/Q ratio may
be seen in ___ and a high V/Q ratio in ___.
A. atelectasis, pulmonary embolism
B. pulmonary embolism, atelectasis
C. atelectasis, airway obstruction
D. airway obstruction, atelectasis

8. Which of the following causes of hypoxemia is least likely to be treated successfully by oxygen therapy alone?
A. hypoventilation C. intrapulmonary shunting
B. V/Q mismatch D. low P O 2
I
9. In managing a critically ill patient who has been on the ventilator for six days, the physician asks the
therapist to calculate the estimated shunt percent using only one arterial blood gas sample. The therapist
should use the equation below:
A. Estimated Q /Q 5 (CcO 2 CaO ) / [5 1 (CcO 2 CaO )]
2
2
T
2
SP
2
B. Estimated Q /Q 5 (CcO 2 CaO ) / [3.5 1 (CcO 2 CaO )]
2
2
SP
T
2
2
C. Classic Q /Q 5 (CcO 2 CaO ) / (CcO 1 CvO )
2
2
T
2
2
SP
D. B or C only
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