Page 61 - Clinical Application of Mechanical Ventilation

Effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation 27

Key Terms

central venous pressure (CVP) positive pressure ventilation
continuous positive airway pressure pressure-controlled ventilation
(CPAP) pulmonary artery pressure (PAP)
gastrointestinal (GI) pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

hepatic perfusion (PCWP)
intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) renal perfusion
mean airway pressure (mPaw) stroke volume
oxygen delivery thoracic pump mechanism
peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
positive end-expiratory pressure volume-controlled ventilation
(PEEP)

Learning Objectives

After studying this chapter and completing the review questions, the learner
should be able to:

Describe the mechanism of ventilation using negative and positive airway
pressures.
Describe how positive pressure ventilation affects the airway pressure and
compliance.
List the effects of positive pressure ventilation on the following systems or
parameters: cardiovascular, hemodynamic, renal, hepatic, abdominal,
gastrointestinal, nutritional, and neurologic.
Describe the effects of renal and hepatic impairments on drug clearance
and therapeutic dose.

INTRODUCTION

Positive pressure ventilation is an essential life support measure in the intensive care
and extended care environments. The physiologic effects of positive pressure ventila-
tion have complex interactions with the lungs and other organ systems. Some of
these physiologic effects are beneficial, while others may cause complications. This
chapter discusses the effects of positive pressure ventilation and its side effects on the
major organ systems of the body.

Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.