Page 197 - Cardiac Nursing

/29
/29
A
A
xd
xd
g
g
t
t
3-1
3-1
73
73
ara
ara
In
a
c.
In
a
ara
a
a
/09
/09
q
Pa
0:1
c.
4 P
4 P
M
76.
1
M
p
0-c
p
0:1
g
p
07_
q
6
6
q
6
LWBK340-c07_
15
15
p
LWB K34 0-c 07_ p pp153-176.qxd 6/29/09 10:14 PM Page 173 Aptara Inc.
LWB
Pa
1
K34
76.
e 1
e 1
C HAPTER 7 / Fluid and Electrolyte and Acid–Base Balance and Imbalance 173
6. Ball, S. G. (2007). Vasopressin and disorders of water balance: The phys- 29. Killeen, M. J., Gurung, I. S., Thomas, G., et al. (2007). Separation of
iology and pathophysiology of vasopressin. Annals of Clinical Biochem- early after depolarizations from arrhythmogenic substrate in the isolated
istry, 44, 417–431. perfused hypokalaemic murine heart through modifiers of calcium
4
4
7. LeJemtel, T. H., & Serrano, C. (2007). Vasopressin dysregulation: Hy- homeostasis. Acta Physiologica (Oxford), 191, 43–58.
ponatremia, fluid retention and congestive heart failure. International 30. Killeen, M. J., Thomas, G., Gurung, I. S., et al. (2007). Arrhythmogenic
Journal of Cardiology, 120, 1–9. mechanisms in the isolated perfused hypokalaemic murine heart. Acta
8. Gheorghiade, M., Abraham, W. T., Albert, N. M., et al. (2007). Rela- Physiologica (Oxford), 189, 33–46.
tionship between admission serum sodium concentration and clinical 31. Sabir, I. N., Fraser, J. A., Killeen, M. J., et al. (2007). The contribution
outcomes in patients hospitalized for heart failure: An analysis from the of refractoriness to arrhythmic substrate in hypokalemic Langendorff-
4
OPTIMIZE-HF registry. European Heart Journal, 28, 980–988. perfused murine hearts. Pflugers Archives, 454, 209–222.
4
9. Gheorghiade, M., Rossi, J. S., Cotts, W., et al. (2007). Characterization and 32. Yelamanchi, V. P., Molnar, J., Ranade, V., et al. (2001). Influence of elec-
prognostic value of persistent hyponatremia in patients with severe heart fail- trolyte abnormalities on interlead variability of ventricular repolarization
7
ure in the ESCAPE Trial. Archives of Internal Medicine, 167, 1998–2005. times in 12-lead electrocardiography. American Journal of Therapeutics, 8,
7
10. Rossi, J., Bayram, M., Udelson, J. E., et al. (2007). Improvement in hy- 117–122.
ponatremia during hospitalization for worsening heart failure is associ- 33. Sabir, I. N., Fraser, J. A., Cass, T. R., et al. (2007). A quantitative
ated with improved outcomes: Insights from the Acute and Chronic analysis of the effect of cycle length on arrhythmogenicity in hy-
Therapeutic Impact of a Vasopressin Antagonist in Chronic Heart Fail- pokalaemic Langendorff-perfused murine hearts. Pflugers Archives,
4
ure (ACTIV in CHF) trial. Acute Cardiac Care, 9, 82–86. 454, 925–936.
11. Decaux, G., Soupart, A., & Vassart, G. (2008). Non-peptide arginine- 34. Boccalandro, C., Lopez-Penabad, L., Boccalandro, F., et al. (2003). Ven-
vasopressin antagonists: The vaptans. Lancet, 371, 1624–1632. tricular fibrillation in a young Asian man. Lancet, 361, 1432.

12. Verbalis, J. G., Goldsmith, S. R., Greenberg, A., et al. (2007). Hypona- 35. Facchini, M., Sala, L., Malfatto, G., et al. (2006). Low-K dependent
tremia treatment guidelines 2007: Expert panel recommendations. QT prolongation and risk for ventricular arrhythmia in anorexia ner-
American Journal of Medicine, 120, S1–S21. vosa. International Journal of Cardiology, 106, 170–176.
6
6
13. Singla, I., Zahid, M., Good, C. B., et al. (2007). Effect of hyponatremia 36. Kannankeril, P. J., & Roden, D. M. (2007). Drug-induced long QT and
( 135 mEq/L) on outcome in patients with non-ST-elevation acute torsade de pointes: Recent advances. Current Opinion in Cardiology, 22,
coronary syndrome. American Journal of Cardiology, 100, 406–408. 39–43.
14. Chow, K. M., Szeto, C. C., Kwan, B. C., et al. (2007). Influence of cli- 37. Maeder, M., Rickli, H., Sticherling, C., et al. (2007). Hypokalaemia and
mate on the incidence of thiazide-induced hyponatraemia. International sudden cardiac death–lessons from implantable cardioverter defibrilla-
Journal of Clinical Practice, 61, 449–452. tors. Emergency Medicine Journal, 24, 206–208.
4
4
15. Liamis, G., Mitrogianni, Z., Liberopoulos, E. N., et al. (2007). Elec- 38. Notarstefano, P., Pratola, C., Toselli, T., et al. (2005). Atrial fibrillation
trolyte disturbances in patients with hyponatremia. Internal Medicine, and recurrent ventricular fibrillation during hypokalemia in Brugada
6
46, 685–690. syndrome. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 28, 1350–1353.
6
16. Mok, N. S., Tong, C. K., & Yuen, H. C. (2008). Concomitant-acquired 39. Slovis, C., & Jenkins, R. (2002). ABC of clinical electrocardiography:
4
4
long QT and Brugada syndromes associated with indapamide-induced Conditions not primarily affecting the heart. BMJ, 324, 1320–1323.
hypokalemia and hyponatremia. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 40. Okruhlicova, L., Tribulova, N., Misejkova, M., et al. (2002). Gap junc-
31, 772–775. tion remodelling is involved in the susceptibility of diabetic rats to
4
17. Chapman, M., Hanrahan, R., McEwen, J., et al. (2002). Hyponatraemia hypokalemia-induced ventricular fibrillation. Acta Histochemica, 104,
4
6
6
and hypokalaemia due to indapamide. Medical Journal of Australia, 176, 387–391.
219–222. 41. Spodick, D. H. (2008). Hypokalemia. American Journal of Geriatric
7
7
18. Hoorn, E. J., Betjes, M. G., Weigel, J., & Zietse, R. (2008). Hyperna- Cardiology, 17, 132.
traemia in critically ill patients: Too little water and too much salt. 42. Webster, A., Brady, W., & Morris, F. (2002). Recognising signs of danger:
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 23, 1562–1568. ECG changes resulting from an abnormal serum potassium concentra-
19. Moore-Ede, M. C., Meguid, M. M., Fitzpatrick, G. F., et al. (1978). Cir- tion. Emergency Medical Journal, 19, 74–77.
cadian variation in response to potassium infusion. Clinical Pharmacol- 43. Humphreys, M. (2007). Potassium disturbances and associated electro-
ogy and Therapeutics, 23, 218–227. cardiogram changes. Emergency Nurse, 15, 28–34.
20. Ahmed, A., Zannad, F., Love, T. E., et al. (2007). A propensity-matched 44. Knochel, J. P., & Schlein, E. M. (1972). On the mechanism of rhab-
study of the association of low serum potassium levels and mortality in domyolysis in potassium depletion. Journal of Clinical Investigations, 51,
chronic heart failure. European Heart Journal, 28, 1334–1343. 1750–1758.
7
21. Papadopoulos, D. P., & Papademetriou, V. (2007). Metabolic side ef- 45. Lane, R., & Phillips, M. (2003). Rhabdomyolysis. BMJ, 327, 115–116.
7
fects and cardiovascular events of diuretics: Should a diuretic remain the 46. Ozgur, B., & Kursat, S. (2002). Hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis aggra-
first choice therapy in hypertension treatment? The case of yes. Clinical vated by diuretics complicating Conn’s syndrome without acute renal
7
7
and Experimental Hypertension, 29, 503–516. failure. Clinical Nephrology, 57, 89–91.
22. Beal, A. L., Deuser, W. E., & Beilman, G. J. (2007). A role for epi- 47. Yasue, H., Itoh, T., Mizuno, Y., et al. (2007). Severe hypokalemia, rhab-
7
nephrine in post-traumatic hypokalemia. Shock, 27, 358–363. domyolysis, muscle paralysis, and respiratory impairment in a hyperten-
7
23. Hahn, R. G., & Lofgren, A. (2000). Epinephrine, potassium and the sive patient taking herbal medicines containing licorice. Internal Medi-
6
6
electrocardiogram during regional anaesthesia. European Journal of cine, 46, 575–578.
7
7
Anaesthesiology, 17, 132–137. 48. Evans, K. J., & Greenberg, A. (2005). Hyperkalemia: A review. Journal
24. Foo, K., Sekhri, N., Deaner, A., et al. (2003). Effect of diabetes on serum of Intensive Care Medicine, 20, 272–290.
potassium concentrations in acute coronary syndromes. Heart, 89, 31–35. 49. Desai, A. S., Swedberg, K., McMurray, J. J., et al. (2007). Incidence and
25. Ives, H. (2007). Diuretic agents. In B. Katzung (Ed.), Basics and clini- predictors of hyperkalemia in patients with heart failure: An analysis of
cal pharmacology (pp. 236–254). New York: Lange Medical Books, Mc- the CHARM Program. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 50,
Graw-Hill. 1959–1966.
26. Blanning, A., Westfall, J. M., & Shaughnessy, A. F. (2001). Clinical in- 50. Indermitte, J., Burkolter, S., Drewe, J., et al. (2007). Risk factors associ-
quiries. How soon should serum potassium levels be monitored for pa- ated with a high velocity of the development of hyperkalaemia in hospi-
tients started on diuretics? Journal of Family Practice, 50, 207–208. talised patients. Drug Safety, 30, 71–80.
27. Zuccala, G., Pedone, C., Cocchi, A., et al. (2000). Older age and in-hos- 51. Raebel, M. A., McClure, D. L., Simon, S. R., et al. (2007). Laboratory
pital development of hypokalemia from loop diuretics: Results from a monitoring of potassium and creatinine in ambulatory patients receiving
multicenter survey. GIFA Investigators. Multicenter Italian Pharma- angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor
coepidemiologic Study Group. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biologi- blockers. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 16, 55–64.
6
6
cal Sciences and Medical Sciences, 55, M232–M238. 52. Schaefer, T. J., & Wolford, R. W. (2005). Disorders of potassium. Emer-
28. Cohn, J. N., Kowey, P. R., Whelton, P. K., et al. (2000). New guidelines gency Medicine Clinics of North America, 23, 723–747.
for potassium replacement in clinical practice: A contemporary review 53. Blaustein, D. A., Babu, K., Reddy, A., et al. (2002). Estimation of
by the National Council on Potassium in Clinical Practice. Archives of glomerular filtration rate to prevent life-threatening hyperkalemia due
Internal Medicine, 160, 2429–2436. to combined therapy with spironolactone and angiotensin-converting