Page 409 - Cardiac Nursing

a
ara
a
A
A
c.
3-3
c.
ara
t
p
A
Pa
85
M
Pa
g
p
g
e 3
g
3-3
1
1
/09
/30
/09
6 A
M
6 A
2:1
2:1
/30
q
q
q
87.
87.
6
6
6
xd
xd
c.
p
t
In
33
33
In
e 3
LWB
LWBK340-c16_
LWB K34 0-c 16_ p p pp333-387.qxd 6/30/09 12:16 AM Page 385 Aptara Inc.
K34
85
16_
0-c
C HAPTER 16 / Arrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances 385
arrhythmias: Their mechanisms, diagnosis and management (3rd ed., pp. 36. Hohnloser, S. H., Kuck, K.-H., & Lilenthal, J. (2000). Rhythm or rate
55–82). Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott. control in atrial fibrillation—Pharmacological intervention in atrial fibril-
6
14. Arnsdorf, M. F., & Ganz, L. I. (2006, February 2). Sinus bradycardia. Re- lation (PIAF): A randomised trial. Lancet, 356, 1789–1794.
6
trieved March 13, 2008, from www.uptodate.com. 37. Van Gelder, I. C., Hagens, V. E., Bosker, H. A., et al. (2002). A compari-
15. Reiffel, J. A. (2001). Sinus node function and dysfunction. In P. J. Podrid son of rate control and rhythm control in patients with recurrent persist-
7
& P. R. Kowey (Eds.), Cardiac arrhythmia: Mechanisms, diagnosis, and ent atrial fibrillation. New England Journal of Medicine, 347(23),
7
management (2nd ed., pp. 653–670). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & 1834–1840.
Wilkins. 38. Wyse, G. D., Waldo, A. L., DiMarco, J., et al. (2002). A comparison of
16. Arnsdorf, M. F. (2006). Manifestations and causes of the sick sinus syn- rate control and rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation. New
7
7
drome. UpToDate. Retrieved March 13, 2008, from www.uptodate.com England Journal of Medicine, 347(23), 1825–1833.
17. Podrid, P. J. (2005). Supraventricular premature beats. UpToDate. Re- 39. Carlsson, J., Miketic, S., Windeler, J., et al. (2003). Randomized trial of
trieved March 13, 2008, from www.uptodate.com rate-control versus rhythm-control in persistent atrial fibrillation. Journal
18. Olgin, J. E., & Zipes, D. P. (2001). Specific arrhythmias: Diagnosis and of the American College of Cardiology, 41(10), 1690–1696.
treatment. In E. Braunwald, D. P. Zipes, & P. Libby (Eds.), Heart disease 40. Opolski, G., Torbicki, A., Kosior, D., et al. (2004). Rate control vs rhythm
(6th ed., pp. 659–699). Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders. control in patients with nonvalvular persistent atrial fibrillation. Chest,
19. Arnsdorf, M. F. (2007). Clinical characteristics of multifocal atrial 126, 476–486.
6
6
tachycardia. UpToDate. Retrieved March 13, 2008, from www.uptodate. 41. Maisel, W., Kuntz, K., Reimold, S., et al. (1997). Risk of initiating antiar-
com. rhythmic drug therapy for atrial fibrillation in patients admitted to a uni-
7
7
20. Goldberger, J. J., & Kadish, A. H. (2001). Sinoartrial/atrial tachyarrhyth- versity hospital. Annals of Internal Medicine, 127, 281–284.
mias. In P. J. Podrid & P. R. Kowey (Eds.), Cardiac arrhythmia: Mechanisms, 42. Levy, S. (2004). Implantable atrial defibrillators for atrial fibrillation. In D.
diagnosis, and management (2nd ed., pp. 411–431). Philadelphia: Lippincott P. Zipes & J. Jalife (Eds.), Cardiac electrophysiology: From cell to bedside (4th
Williams & Wilkins. ed., pp. 995–999). Philadelphia: Saunders.
21. Prystowsky, E. N., & Waldo, A. L. (2008). Atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, 43. Haissaguerre, M., Sanders, P., Jais, P., et al. (2004). Catheter ablation of
and atrial tachycardia. In V. Fuster, R. A. O’Rourke, R. A. Walsh, et al. atrial fibrillation: Triggers and substrate. In D. P. Zipes & J. Jalife (Eds.),
(Eds.), Hurst’s the heart (12th ed., pp. 953–982). New York: McGraw-Hill. Cardiac electrophysiology: From cell to bedside (4th ed., pp. 1028–1038).
22. Olgin, J. E., & Zipes, D. P. (2008). Specific arrhythmias: Diagnosis and Philadelphia: Saunders.
treatment. In P. Libby, R. O. Bonow, D. L. Mann, et al. (Eds.), Braun- 44. Pappone, C., & Rosanio, S. (2004). Pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fib-
wald’s heart disease: A textbook of cardiovascular medicine (8th ed., pp. rillation. In D. P. Zipes & J. Jalife (Eds.), Cardiac electrophysiology: From
863–932). Philadelphia: Saunders. cell to bedside (4th ed., pp. 1039–1052). Philadelphia: Saunders.
23. Arnsdorf, M. F. (2007). Focal atrial tachycardia. UpToDate. Retrieved 45. Ussia, G., Mangiafico, S., Privitera, A., et al. (2006). Percutaneous left
March 13, 2008, from www.uptodate.com. atrial appendage transcatheter occlusion in patients with chronic nonva-
24. Tracy, C. (2007). Tachycardia-mediated cardiomyopathy. UpToDate. Re- lvular atrial fibrillation: Early institutional experience. Journal of Cardio-
7
7
trieved March, 2008, from www.uptodate.com. vascular Medicine, 7(8), 569–572.
25. Blomstrom-Lundqvist, C., Scheinman, M. M., Aliot, E. M., et al. (2003). 46. Buxton, A. E., & Duc, J. (2001). Ventricular premature depolarizations
ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. In P. J. Podrid & P. R. Kowey
supraventricular arrhythmias—Executive summary. A report of the Amer- (Eds.), Cardiac arrhythmia: Mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment (2nd ed.,
ican College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on pp. 549–572). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee 47. Bigger, J. T. (1983). Definition of benign versus malignant ventricular ar-
for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the rhythmias: Targets for treatment. American Journal of Cardiology, 52,
Management of Patients With Supraventricular Arrhythmias). Circulation, 47C–54C.
108,1871–1909. 48. Rho, R. W., & Page, R. L. (2008). Ventricular arrhythmias. In V. Fuster,
26. Ganz, L. I. (2006). Catheter ablation of atrial tachycardia. UpToDate. Re- R. A. O’Rourke, R. A. Walsh, & P. Poole-Wilson (Eds.), Hurst’s the heart
trieved March, 2008, from www.uptodate.com. (12th ed., pp. 1003–1019). New York: McGraw-Hill.
27. Arnsdorf, M. F. (2006). Electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic fea- 49. Zipes, D. P., Camm, J. A., Borggrefe, M., et al. (2006). ACC/AHA/ESC
tures of type I (typical) atrial flutter. UpToDate. Retrieved March 2008, 2006 guidelines for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias
from www.uptodate.com. and the prevention of sudden cardiac death—Executive summary: A re-
28. Waldo, A. L. (2004). Atrial flutter: Mechanisms, clinical features, and port of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association
management. In D. P. Zipes & J. Jalife (Eds.), Cardiac electrophysiology: Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Prac-
From cell to bedside (4th ed., pp. 490–499). Philadelphia: Saunders. tice Guidelines. Circulation, 114, 1088–1132.
4
4
29. Arnsdorf, M. F. (2003). Electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic fea- 50. Vos, M. A., & Crijns, H. J. (2004). Ventricular tachycardia in patients
tures of type II (atypical) atrial flutter. UpToDate. Retrieved March 2008, with hypertrophy and heart failure. In D. P. Zipes & J. Jalife (Eds.), Car-
from www.uptodate.com. diac electrophysiology: From cell to bedside (4th ed., pp. 608–617). Philadel-
30. Arnsdorf, M. F., & Ganz, L. I. (2005). Causes of atrial flutter. UpToDate. phia: Saunders.
Retrieved March 2008, from www.uptodate.com. 51. Callans, D. J., & Josephson, M. E. (2004). Ventricular tachycardia in pa-
31. Cheng, J., & Arnsdorf, M. F. (2007). Maintenance of sinus rhythm after tients with coronary artery disease. In D. P. Zipes & J. Jalife (Eds.), Cardiac
cardioversion in atrial flutter. UpToDate Retrieved March 2008, from electrophysiology: From cell to bedside (4th ed., pp. 569–574). Philadelphia:
www.uptodate.com Saunders.
32. Jahangir, A., Munger, T. M., & Packer, D. L. (2001). Atrial fibrillation. In 52. Lerman, B. B., Stein, K. M., Markowitz, S. M., et al. (2004). Ventricular
P. J. Podrid & P. R. Kowey (Eds.), Cardiac arrhythmia: Mechanisms, diag- tachycardia in patients with structurally normal hearts. In D. P. Zipes & J.
nosis, and management (2nd ed., pp. 457–499). Philadelphia: Lippincott Jalife (Eds.), Cardiac electrophysiology: From cell to bedside (4th ed., pp.
Williams & Wilkins. 668–682). Philadelphia: Saunders.
33. Nattel, S., & Ehrlich, J. R. (2004). Atrial fibrillation. In D. P. Zipes & J. 53. Field, J. M. (Ed.). (2005). Advanced cardiovascular life support provider
l
l
Jalife (Eds.), Cardiac electrophysiology: From cell to bedside (4th ed., pp. manual. Dallas, TX: American Heart Association.
512–522). Philadelphia: Saunders. 54. Arnsdorf, M. F., & Verdino, R. (2001). Atrioventricular nodal conduction
34. Fuster, V., Ryden, L. E., Asinger, R. W., et al. (2006). ACC/AHA/ESC abnormalities. In P. J. Podrid & P. R. Kowey (Eds.), Cardiac arrhythmias:
guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: Execu- Mechanisms, diagnosis, and management (2nd ed., pp. 671–691). Philadel-
tive summary: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American phia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European So- 55. Vijayaraman, P., & Ellenbogen, K. A. (2008). Bradyarrhythmias and pace-
ciety of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Commit- makers. In V. Fuster, R. A. O’Rourke, R. A. Walsh, & P. Poole-Wilson
tee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with (Eds.), Hurst’s the heart (12th ed., pp. 1020–1054). New York: McGraw-
Atrial Fibrillation). Circulation, 114, 700–752. Hill.
4
4
35. Arnsdorf, M. F., & Podrid, P. J. (2006). Overview of the presentation and 56. Schwartzman, D. (2004). Atrioventricular block and atrioventricular dis-
management of atrial fibrillation. UpToDate Retrieved March 2008, from sociation. In D. P. Zipes & J. Jalife (Eds.), Cardiac electrophysiology: From
www.uptodate.com. cell to bedside (4th ed., pp. 485–489). Philadelphia: Saunders.