Page 2134 - Williams Hematology ( PDFDrive )
P. 2134
2108 Part XII: Hemostasis and Thrombosis Chapter 122: The Vascular Purpuras 2109
20. Pozzi C, D’Amico M, Fogazzi GB, et al: Light chain deposition disease with renal
involvement: Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors. Am J Kidney Dis 42:1154,
2003.
21. Stone GC, Wall BA, Oppliger IR, et al: A vasculopathy with deposition of lambda light
chain crystals. Ann Intern Med 110:275, 1989.
22. Usuda H, Emura I, Naito M: Crystal globulin-induced vasculopathy accompanying
ischemic intestinal lesions of a patient with myeloma. Pathol Int 46:165, 1996.
23. Sankarasubbaiyan S, Scott G, Holley JL: Cryofibrinogenemia: An addition to the dif-
ferential diagnosis of calciphylaxis in end-stage renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis 32:494,
1998.
24. Amdo TD, Welker JA. An approach to the diagnosis and treatment of cryofibrinogene-
mia. Am J Med 116:332, 2004.
25. Blain H, Cacoub P, Musset L, et al: Cryofibrinogenaemia: A study of 49 patients. Clin
Exp Immunol 120:253, 2000.
26. Wutschert R, Piletta P, Bounameaux H: Adverse skin reactions to low molecular weight
heparins: Frequency, management and prevention. Drug Saf 20:515, 1999.
27. Moore A, Lau E, Yang C, et al: Dalteparin-induced skin necrosis in a patient with met-
astatic lung adenocarcinoma. Am J Clin Oncol 30:329, 2007.
28. Chong BH: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. J Thromb Haemost 1:1471, 2003.
29. Chan YC, Valenti D, Mansfield AO, Stansby G: Warfarin induced skin necrosis. Br J
Figure 122–26. Rendu-Osler-Weber disease (hereditary hemorrhagic Surg 87:266, 2000.
telangiectasia). 30. Harenberg J, Hoffmann U, Huhle G, et al: Cutaneous reactions to anticoagulants. Rec-
ognition and management. Am J Clin Dermatol 2:69, 2001.
31. Scarff CE, Baker C, Hill P, Foley P: Late-onset warfarin necrosis. Australas J Dermatol
(small vascular malformations) in the skin (Fig. 122–26). Subcutane- 43:202, 2002.
ous bleeding may occur as well, presenting as non-palpable purpuric 32. Ward CT, Chavalitanonda N: Atypical warfarin-induced skin necrosis. Pharmacotherapy
26:1175, 2006.
lesions. Angiodysplasia in Rendu-Osler-Weber disease is caused by a 33. Stone MS, Rosen T: Acral purpura: An unusual sign of coumarin necrosis. J Am Acad
defect in angiogenesis. Five genetic types of hereditary hemorrhagic Dermatol 14:797, 1986.
telangiectasia (HHT) are recognized. More than 80 percent of all cases 34. Segel GB, Francis CA: Anticoagulant proteins in childhood venous and arterial throm-
bosis: A review. Blood Cells Mol Dis 26:540, 2000.
of HHT are caused by mutations in either ENG (endoglin, HHT1) or 35. Marlar RA, Neumann A: Neonatal purpura fulminans due to homozygous protein C or
ALK1 (ACVRL1, HHT2). Treatment of the disease is symptomatic, for protein S deficiencies. Semin Thromb Hemost 16:299,1990.
165
example, by iron administration when iron-deficiency anemia occurs, 36. Kemahli S, Alhenc-Gelas M, Gandrille S, et al: Homozygous protein C deficiency with a
double variant His 202 to Tyr and Ala 346 to Thr. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 9:351, 1998.
or by laser treatment of small (bleeding) malformations in mucous 37. Ezer U, Misirlioglu ED, Colba V, et al: Neonatal purpura fulminans due to homozygous
membranes or embolization of larger arteriovenous malformations. protein C deficiency. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 18:453, 2001.
38. Gruber A, Blasko G, Sas G: Functional deficiency of protein C and skin necrosis in
multiple myeloma. Thromb Res 42:579, 1986.
REFERENCES 39. van Ommen CH, van Wijnen M, de Groot FG, et al: Postvaricella purpura fulminans
caused by acquired protein s deficiency resulting from antiprotein s antibodies: Search
1. Carlson JA, Chen KR: Cutaneous pseudovasculitis. Am J Dermatopathol 29:44, 2007. for the epitopes. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 24:413, 2002.
2. Piette WW: The differential diagnosis of purpura from a morphologic perspective. Adv 40. De Stefano V, Mastrangelo S, Schwarz HP, et al: Replacement therapy with a purified
Dermatol 9:3, discussion 24, 1994. protein C concentrate during initiation of oral anticoagulation in severe protein C con-
3. Piette WW: Hematologic diseases, in Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology in General Medicine, genital deficiency. Thromb Haemost 70:247, 1993.
6th ed, edited by IM Freedburg, AZ Eisen, K Wolff, KF Austen, LA Goldsmith, SI Katz, 41. Hillman RS, Ault, KA: The dysplastic and sideroblastic anemias, in Hematology in Clin-
p 1523. McGraw-Hill, New York, 2003. ical Practice, 2nd ed, edited by J Morgan, P Hanley, p 151. McGraw-Hill, New York,
4. Stephenson T: Ageing of bruising in children. J R Soc Med 90:312, 1997. 1998.
5. Winfield JB: Cryoglobulinemia. Hum Pathol 14:350, 1983. 42. White JM, Watson K, Arya R, Du Vivier AW: Haemorrhagic bullae in a case of parox-
6. Galossi A, Guarisco R, Bellis L, Puoti C: Extrahepatic manifestations of chronic HCV ysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. Clin Exp Dermatol 28:504, 2003.
infection. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 16:65, 2007. 43. Cholez C, Schmutz JL, Hulin C, et al: Cutaneous necrosis during paroxysmal nocturnal
7. Agnello V, Romain PL: Mixed cryoglobulinemia secondary to hepatitis C virus infec- haemoglobinuria: Role of parvovirus B19? J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 19:381, 2005.
tion. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 22:1, 1996. 44. Goulden V, Bond L, Highet AS: Pyoderma gangrenosum associated with paroxysmal
8. Braun GS, Horster S, Wagner KS, et al: Cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis: Classification and nocturnal haemoglobinuria. Clin Exp Dermatol 19:271, 1994.
clinical and therapeutic aspects. Postgrad Med J 83:87, 2007. 45. Watt SG, Winhoven S, Hay CR, Lucas GS: Purpura fulminans in paroxysmal nocturnal
9. Sansonno D, Dammacco F: Hepatitis C virus, cryoglobulinaemia, and vasculitis: haemoglobinuria. Br J Haematol 137:271, 2007.
Immune complex relations. Lancet Infect Dis 5:227, 2005. 46. Blume JE, Miller CC: Antiphospholipid syndrome: A review and update for the derma-
10. Sansonno D, Tucci FA, Troiani L, et al: Increased serum levels of the chemokine tologist. Cutis 78:409, 2006.
CXCL13 and up-regulation of its gene expression are distinctive features of 47. DiFrancesco LM, Burkart P, Hoehn JG: A cutaneous manifestation of antiphospholipid
HCV-related cryoglobulinemia and correlate with active cutaneous vasculitis. Blood antibody syndrome. Ann Plast Surg 51:517, 2003.
112:1620, 2008. 48. Weinstein S, Piette W: Cutaneous manifestations of antiphospholipid antibody syn-
11. Fabrizi F, Dixit V, Messa P: Antiviral therapy of symptomatic HCV-associated mixed drome. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 22:67, 2008.
cryoglobulinemia: Meta-analysis of clinical studies. J Med Virol 85:1019, 2013. 49. Uthman IW, Khamashta MA: Livedo racemosa: A striking dermatological sign for the
12. Casato M, Mecucci C, Agnello V, et al: Regression of lymphoproliferative disorder after antiphospholipid syndrome. J Rheumatol 33:2379, 2006.
treatment for hepatitis C virus infection in a patient with partial trisomy 3, Bcl-2 over- 50. Martin L, Armingaud P, Georgescu V, et al: Acute bullous purpura associated with
expression, and type II cryoglobulinemia. Blood 99:2259, 2002. hyperhomocysteinemia and antiphospholipid antibodies. J Am Acad Dermatol 49:S161,
13. Waldenström J: Clinical methods for determination of hyperproteinemia and their 2003.
practical value for diagnosis. Nord Med 20:2288, 1943. 51. Hereng T, Lambert M, Hachulla E, et al: Influence of aspirin on the clinical outcomes of
14. Finder KA, McCollough ML, Dixon SL, et al: Hypergammaglobulinemic purpura of 103 anti-phospholipid antibodies-positive patients. Lupus 17:11, 2008.
Waldenstrom. J Am Acad Dermatol 23:669, 1990. 52. Hairston BR, Davis MD, Pittelkow MR, Ahmed I: Livedoid vasculopathy: Further evi-
15. Malaviya AN, Kaushik P, Budhiraja S, et al: Hypergammaglobulinemic purpura of dence for procoagulant pathogenesis. Arch Dermatol 142:1413, 2006.
Waldenström: Report of 3 cases with a short review. Clin Exp Rheumatol 18:518, 2000. 53. Mimouni D, Ng PP, Rencic A, et al: Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa in patients present-
16. Tan E, Ng SK, Tan SH, Wong GC: Hypergammaglobulinaemic purpura presenting as ing with atrophie blanche. Br J Dermatol 148:789, 2003.
reticulate purpura. Clin Exp Dermatol 24:469, 1999. 54. Acland KM, Darvay A, Wakelin SH, Russell-Jones R: Livedoid vasculitis: A manifesta-
17. Al-Mayouf SM, Ghonaium A, Bahabri S: Hypergammaglobulinaemic purpura associ- tion of the antiphospholipid syndrome? Br J Dermatol 140:131, 1999.
ated with IgG subclass imbalance and recurrent infection. Clin Rheumatol 19:499, 2000. 55. Ravat FE, Evans AV, Russell-Jones R: Response of livedoid vasculitis to intravenous
18. Oosterkamp HM, van der Pijl H, Derksen J, et al: Arthritis and hypergammaglobuline- immunoglobulin. Br J Dermatol 147:166, 2002.
mic purpura in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Am J Med 100:478, 1996. 56. Donohue KG, Saap L, Falanga V: Cholesterol crystal embolization: An atherosclerotic
19. Miyagawa S, Fukumoto T, Kanauchi M, et al: Hypergammaglobulinaemic purpura of disease with frequent and varied cutaneous manifestations. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol
Waldenstrom and Ro/SSA autoantibodies. Br J Dermatol 134:919, 1996. 17:504, 2003.
Kaushansky_chapter 122_p2097-2112.indd 2109 9/18/15 10:30 AM

