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CHaPter 76  Inflammatory Hepatobiliary Diseases              1029



               On tHe HOrIZOn                                     17.  Selmi C. The worldwide gradient of autoimmune conditions. Autoimmun
                                                                    Rev 2010;9:A247–50.
            Inflammatory hepatobiliary diseases remain an enigmatic and interesting   18.  Podda M, Selmi C, Lleo A, et al. The limitations and hidden gems
            group of tissue-specific autoimmune diseases, especially due to the   of the epidemiology of primary biliary cirrhosis. J Autoimmun
            frequent overlap among the different entities. However, primary biliary   2013;46:81–7.
            cholangitis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and autoimmune   19.  Gershwin ME, Selmi C, Worman HJ, et al. Risk factors and comorbidities
            hepatitis (AIH) should be considered single diseases because the   in primary biliary cirrhosis: a controlled interview-based study of 1032
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            Treatment is changing along with new approaches to targeted therapies.   monozygotic and dizygotic twins: genetics, epigenetics, and environment.
            However, in most cases corticosteroids and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)   Gastroenterology 2004;127:485–92.
            remain the cornerstones of therapy.
                                                                  22.  Miozzo M, Selmi C, Gentilin B, et al. Preferential X chromosome loss but
                                                                    random inactivation characterize primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology
                                                                    2007;46:456–62.
                                                                  23.  Invernizzi P, Miozzo M, Battezzati PM, et al. Frequency of monosomy X
           Please check your eBook at https://expertconsult.inkling.com/   in women with primary biliary cirrhosis. Lancet 2004;363:533–5.
           for self-assessment questions. See inside cover for registration   24.  Invernizzi P, Selmi C, Gershwin ME. Update on primary biliary cirrhosis.
           details.                                                 Dig Liver Dis 2010;42:401–8.
                                                                  25.  Rieger R, Gershwin ME. The X and why of xenobiotics in primary biliary
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