Page 108 - Clinical Immunology_ Principles and Practice ( PDFDrive )

CHAPtER 5 The Major Histocompatibility Complex 92.e1

MUL t IPLE-CH o ICE QUES t I o NS

1. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) reveal a large B. It provides sequencing of haploid DNA (single DNA
number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within molecule), and by doing so the polymorphisms are on
the MHC to be associated with many diseases. This finding phase
could have resulted from: C. Eliminates essentially all ambiguities generated when other
A. Extensive linkage disequilibrium within the major histo- legacy methods are used
compatibility complex (MHC) D. All of the above
B. Numerous genomic elements within the MHC may E. None of the above
contribute independently to different diseases 4. The reported associations of diseases with HLAs can result
C. Many genes work together for certain physiological from:
functionalities, and in particular diseases there may be A. Linkage disequilibrium with another nearby locus that is
multiple loci affected simultaneously actually responsible for the disease
D. All of the above
B. The HLA is involved in the disease process directly
2. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes are very polymorphic C. The HLA is necessary but not sufficient for the disease
because: D. All of the above
A. They need to interact with a wide range of environmental E. None of the above
and intracellular molecular entities to which they elicit an
appropriate immune response. 5. HLA molecules are involved in many immune-related responses
B. They need to interact with the T-cell receptor (TCR), which and processes; which one(s) are true?
is also polymorphic. A. HLA class I genes encode products involved in both innate
C. It is necessary for thymic selection. and adaptive immunity.
D. Through evolution they have mutated, but their functional- B. HLA class II are involved in adaptive immunity.
ity is not affected. C. HLA class I bind peptides originating primarily from outside
E. All of the above. the cell.
D. HLA class II bind peptides anchored with their amino and
3. Single-molecule DNA sequencing or next-generation sequenc- carboxyl ends in the binding groove of the HLA
ing (NSG) is the right technology for the characterization of molecule.
the HLA polymorphisms because: E. CD8 reacts with the domain proximal to the membrane
A. It allows the cost-efficient and complete sequencing of the of a HLA class II β chain.
HLA genes