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41. What is the general formula for an alkyne?
QUESTIONS FOR THOUGHT
a. C n H 2n+2
b. C n H 2n+4
1. What is an organic compound?
c. C n H 2n
2. There are millions of organic compounds but only thousands of
d. C n H 2n–2
42. Acetylene is a fuel used in welding and an important reactant in inorganic compounds. Explain why this is the case.
the synthesis of plastics. Acetylene is an 3. What is cracking and reforming? For what purposes are either or
a. alkane. both used by the petroleum industry?
b. alkene. 4. Is it possible to have an isomer of ethane? Explain.
c. alkyne.
5. Suggest a reason that ethylene is an important raw material used
d. alkaline.
in the production of plastics but ethane is not.
43. Aromatic hydrocarbons are often used as
6. What are (a) natural gas, (b) LPG, and (c) petroleum ether?
a. perfumes.
7. What does the octane number of gasoline describe? On what is
b. soaps.
the number based?
c. solvents.
d. odorants. 8. What is a functional group? What is it about the nature of a
functional group that makes it the site of chemical reactions?
44. Fractional distillation separates different fractions by differences
in their 9. Draw a structural formula for alcohol. Describe how alcohols are
a. melting point. named.
b. freezing point. 10. What are fats and oils? What are saturated and unsaturated fats
c. boiling point. and oils?
d. origin. 11. What is a polymer? Give an example of a naturally occurring
45. The rate of combustion of gasoline is quantified by plant polymer. Give an example of a synthetic polymer.
a. NASCAR rating. 12. Explain why a small portion of wine is customarily poured
b. octane number. before a bottle of wine is served. Sometimes the cork is handed
c. kern rating. to the person doing the ordering with the small portion of wine.
d. leading number. What is the person supposed to do with the cork and why?
46. A petroleum product that is composed of hydrocarbons
with 16 to 18 carbon atoms per molecule is FOR FURTHER ANALYSIS
a. gasoline.
b. asphalt.
c. paraffin. 1. Many people feel that they will get better performance by using a
d. motor oil. higher-octane gasoline in their vehicles. What is the difference
47. The organic acid that is found in sour milk, pickles, and between high-octane and regular gasoline? Does scientific
in your muscles as a product of carbohydrate metabolism is evidence bear this out? What octane gasoline is recommended
a. acetic acid. for your vehicle?
b. palmitic acid. 2. There have been some health concerns about the additives used
c. lactic acid. in gasoline. What are these additives? What purpose do they
d. citric acid. serve? What do opponents of using such additives propose are
48. What are the organic compounds that are used in perfumes and their negative impact?
for artificial flavors? 3. The birth control pill, or “the pill,” has been around since the
a. Carboxylic acids early 1960s. This medication is composed of a variety of organic
b. Alcohols molecules. What is the nature of these compounds? How do they
c. Ethers work to control conception since they do not control birth?
d. Esters What are some of the negative side effects and some of the
49. Sugars, starches, and cellulose belong to which class of organic benefits of taking the pill?
compounds? 4. Many communities throughout the world are involved in
a. Proteins recycling. One of the most important classes of materials
b. Fatty acids recycled is plastic. There has been concern that the cost of
c. Carbohydrates recycling plastics is higher than the cost of making new plastic
d. Enzymes products. Go to the Internet and
a. Identify the kinds of plastics that are commonly recycled.
Answers
b. Explain how a plastic such as HDPE is recycled.
1. b 2. c 3. d 4. b 5. c 6. b 7. c 8. a 9. c 10. b 11. d 12. c 13. c 14. d c. Present an argument for eliminating the recycling of HDP
15. d 16. c 17. a 18. d 19. d 20. a 21. d 22. b 23. b 24. d 25. d 26. b and for expanding the recycling of HDPE.
27. a 28. c 29. d 30. c 31. c 32. c 33. b 34. d 35. a 36. b 37. c 38. a
39. c 40. b 41. d 42. c 43. c 44. c 45. b 46. d 47. c 48. d 49. c

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