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11. Suppose a problem situation describes a speed in km/h and a 22. What happens to the surface-area-to-volume ratio as the volume
length in m. What conversion should you do before substituting of a cube becomes larger?
quantities for symbols? Convert a. It remains the same.
a. km/h to km/s. b. It increases.
b. m to km. c. It decreases.
c. km/h to m/s. d. The answer varies.
d. In this situation, no conversions should be made. 23. If one variable increases in value while a second, related variable
12. An equation describes a relationship where decreases in value, the relationship is said to be
a. the numbers and units on both sides are proportional but not a. direct.
equal. b. inverse.
b. the numbers on both sides are equal but not the units. c. square.
c. the units on both sides are equal but not the numbers. d. inverse square.
d. the numbers and units on both sides are equal. 24. What is needed to change a proportionality statement into an
m _
13. The equation ρ = is a statement that equation?

V
a. describes a property. a. Include a proportionality constant.
b. defines how variables can change. b. Divide by an unknown to move the symbol to left side of the
c. describes how properties change. equal symbol.
d. identifies the proportionality constant. c. Add units to one side to make units equal.
d. Add numbers to one side to make both sides equal.
14. Measurement information that is used to describe something is
called 25. A proportionality constant
a. referents. a. always has a unit.
b. properties. b. never has a unit.
c. data. c. might or might not have a unit.
d. a scientific investigation. 26. A scientific investigation provides understanding through
15. If you consider a very small portion of a material that is the same a. explanations based on logical thinking processes alone.
throughout, the density of the small sample will be b. experimental evidence.
a. much less. c. reasoned explanations based on observations.
b. slightly less. d. diligent obeying of scientific laws.
c. the same. 27. Statements describing how nature is observed to behave
d. greater. consistently time after time are called scientific
16. The symbol Δ has a meaning of a. theories.
a. “is proportional to.” b. laws.
b. “the change in.” c. models.
c. “therefore.” d. hypotheses.
d. “however.” 28. A controlled experiment comparing two situations has all
17. A model is identical influencing factors except the
a. a physical copy of an object or system made at a smaller scale. a. experimental variable.
b. a sketch of something complex used to solve problems. b. control variable.
c. an interpretation of a theory by use of an equation. c. inverse variable.
d. All of the above are models. d. direct variable.
18. The use of a referent in describing a property always implies 29. In general, scientific investigations have which activities in common?
a. a measurement. a. State problem, gather data, make hypothesis, test, make
b. naturally occurring concepts. conclusion.
c. a comparison with a similar property of another object. b. Collect observations, develop explanations, test explanations.
d. that people have the same understandings of concepts. c. Observe nature, reason an explanation for what is observed.
d. Observe nature, collect data, modify data to fit scientific
19. A 5 km span is the same as how many meters?
model.
a. 0.005 m
b. 0.05 m 30. Quantities, or measured properties, that are capable of changing
c. 500 m values are called
d. 5,000 m a. data.
b. variables.
20. One-half liter of water is the same volume as
c. proportionality constants.
a. 5,000 mL.
d. dimensionless constants.
b. 0.5 cc.
3
c. 500 cm . 31. A proportional relationship that is represented by the symbols
3
d. 5 dm . a ∝ 1/b represents which of the following relationships?
a. direct proportion
21. Which of the following is not a measurement?
b. inverse proportion
a. 24°C
c. direct square proportion
b. 65 mph
d. inverse square proportion
c. 120
d. 0.50 ppm
22 CHAPTER 1 What Is Science? 1-22