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EARTH SCIENCE

17 Rocks and

17 Minerals

These rose-red rhodochrosite crystals are a naturally occurring form of
manganese carbonate. Rhodochrosite is but one of about 2,500 minerals
that are known to exist, making up the solid materials of Earth’s crust.

CORE CONCEPT

Earth is a dynamic body that cycles rocks
and minerals through ongoing changes.

OUTLINE

17.1 Solid Earth Materials
Minerals 17.2 Minerals Rocks
Most of Earth’s surface is Crystal Structures A rock is formed from one or
composed of minerals made of Silicates and Nonsilicates more minerals that have been
Physical Properties of Minerals
oxygen and silicon. brought together as a cohesive
17.3 Mineral-Forming Processes
17.4 Rocks solid.
Igneous Rocks
Igneous Rocks Science and Society: Costs of Mining Mineral
Igneous rocks formed from a Resources Sedimentary Rocks
hot, molten mass or from melted A Closer Look: Asbestos Sedimentary rocks formed from
Sedimentary Rocks
rock materials. particles or dissolved materials
Metamorphic Rocks
Science and Society: Using Mineral Resources derived from previously existing
People Behind the Science: rocks.
Metamorphic Rocks Victor Moritz Goldschmidt
Metamorphic rocks formed by 17.5 The Rock Cycle
the action of heat, pressure, The Rock Cycle
or hot solutions acting on Igneous, sedimentary, and
previously existing different metamorphic rocks are
rocks. continuously changed through
cycles of one rock type to
another.

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