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13. The wide, level floor of a valley built by a stream is called a (an) 23. Broad meanders on a very wide, gently sloping floodplain with
a. channel. oxbow lakes are characteristics you would expect to find in a
b. valley. river valley during what stage?
c. floodplain. a. Newborn
d. island. b. Youth
14. The deposit at the mouth of a river where sediments are dropped c. Maturity
is called a d. Old age
a. riverbank. 24. A glacier forms when
b. delta. a. the temperature does not rise above freezing.
c. mouth. b. snow accumulates to form ice, which begins to flow.
d. source. c. a summer climate does not occur.
15. Rock fragments frozen in moving glacier ice polish and scratch d. a solid mass of snow moves downhill under the influence of
rocks at the base and on the walls of the glacier. This process is gravity.
a. bulldozing. 25. A likely source of loess is
b. polishing. a. rock flour.
c. plucking. b. a cirque.
d. abrasion. c. a terminal moraine.
16. The agent that has the least ability to erode is d. an accumulation of ventifacts.
a. wind. 26. The landscape in a dry climate tends to be more angular because
b. gravity. the dry climate
c. streams. a. has more winds.
d. glaciers. b. lacks as much chemical weathering.
17. The major processes of wind erosion are c. has less rainfall.
a. abrasion and bulldozing. d. has stronger rock types.
b. polishing and plucking. 27. Peneplains and monadnocks are prevented from forming by
c. abrasion and deflation. a. mass movement.
d. deflation and polishing. b. running water.
18. The picking up of loose materials from the surface by c. deflation.
wind is d. rejuvenation.
a. abrasion. 28. The phrase weathering of rocks means
b. deflation. a. able to resist any changes, as in weathers the storm.
c. inflation. b. a discoloration caused by the action of the weather.
d. polishing. c. physical or chemical destruction.
19. What is the pH of natural rainwater? d. the same thing as rusting.
a. 5.0 to 5.5 29. What are you doing to a rock if you pick up the small pieces of a
b. 5.6 to 6.2 smashed rock?
c. 6.3 to 6.7 a. Mechanical weathering
d. 7.0 b. Chemical weathering
20. Freezing water exerts pressure on the wall of a crack in a rock c. Erosion
mass, making the crack larger. This is an example of d. Transportation
a. mechanical weathering. 30. What are you doing to the fragments of a smashed rock if you
b. chemical weathering. carry the fragments to a new location?
c. exfoliation. a. Mechanical weathering
d. hydration. b. Chemical weathering
21. Of the following rock weathering events, the last one to occur c. Erosion
would probably be d. Transportation
a. exfoliation. 31. What are you doing to a rock if you dissolve it in acid?
b. frost wedging. a. Mechanical weathering
c. carbonation. b. Chemical weathering
d. disintegration. c. Erosion
22. Which of the following would have the greatest overall effect in d. Transportation
lowering the elevation of a continent such as North America? 32. A deeper, richer layer of soil would be expected where the climate is
a. Continental glaciers a. wet and warm.
b. Alpine glaciers b. dry and cold.
c. Wind c. tropical.
d. Running water d. arctic.

20-17 CHAPTER 20 Shaping Earth’s Surface 517