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33. The soil called loam is 43. The most extensive glaciers in the United States are found in
a. all sand and humus. a. Montana.
b. mostly humus with some sand. b. Wyoming.
c. equal amounts of sand, silt, and clay. c. Washington.
d. from the C horizon of a soil profile. d. Alaska.
34. A moraine is a 44. Continental glaciers are found in
a. wind deposit. a. Iceland.
b. glacier deposit. b. Antarctic.
c. river deposit. c. Greenland.
d. Any of the above is correct. d. Greenland and Antarctic.
35. The breaking up, crumbling, chemical decomposition, and 45. An example of a chemical weathering process that is a major
destruction of rocks at or near Earth’s surface are called concern in the northeastern United States is
a. rockslide. a. erosion.
b. mining. b. acid rain.
c. weathering. c. hydration.
d. erosion. d. oxidation.
36. Crushing of rock at a quarry to make smaller-sized gravel is an Answers
example of
1. b 2. c 3. d 4. b 5. d 6. b 7. a 8. b 9. d 10. a 11. c 12. c 13. c 14. b
a. physical weathering.
15. d 16. a 17. c 18. b 19. b 20. a 21. c 22. d 23. d 24. b 25. a 26. b
b. chemical weathering.
27. d 28. c 29. c 30. d 31. b 32. a 33. c 34. b 35. c 36. c 37. c 38. c
c. mechanical weathering.
39. b 40. c 41. b 42. b 43. d 44. d 45. b
d. reduction weathering.
37. Fragments of rocks fall into a mountain stream and are carried
into the valley. This is an example of QUESTIONS FOR THOUGHT
a. weathering.
b. erosion.
1. Compare and contrast mechanical and chemical weathering.
c. transportation.
d. decomposition. 2. Granite is the most common rock found on continents. What are
the end products after granite has been completely weathered?
38. Tree roots grow and expand, and eventually break through a
What happens to these weathering products?
sidewalk. This is an example of
a. corrosion. 3. What other erosion processes are important as a stream of
b. erosion. running water carves a valley in the mountains? Explain.
c. wedging. 4. Describe three ways in which a river erodes its channel.
d. disintegration. 5. What is a floodplain?
39. Damage to the Lincoln Memorial by rain and smog is an 6. Describe the characteristic features associated with stream
example of erosion as the stream valley passes through the stages of youth,
a. physical weathering. maturity, and old age.
b. chemical weathering.
7. What is a glacier? How does a glacier erode the land?
c. exfoliation.
8. What is rock flour and how is it produced?
d. erosion.
9. Could a glacier erode the land lower than sea level? Explain.
40. Ferromagnesian minerals will react with oxygen to produce
deeply colored iron oxides. This is an example of 10. Explain why glacial erosion produces a U-shaped valley, but
a. hydration. stream erosion produces a V-shaped valley.
b. carbonation. 11. Name and describe as many ways as you can think of that
c. oxidation. mechanical weathering occurs in nature. Do not restrict your
d. combination. thinking to those discussed in this chapter.
41. You are planning a garden and need a soil that will hold moisture 12. What characteristics of a soil make it a good soil?
for plant growth but also drain well. The soil that you want to 13. What essential condition must be met before mass wasting can
purchase is occur?
a. humus.
14. Compare the features caused by stream erosion, wind erosion,
b. loam.
and glacial erosion.
c. clay-based.
15. Compare the materials deposited by streams, wind, and glaciers.
d. sandy.
16. Why do certain stone buildings tend to weather more rapidly in
42. The formation of a shallow layer of water by rain on the surface,
cities than they do in rural areas?
which dissolves materials and carries fragments away, is called
17. Why would mechanical weathering speed up chemical
a. rain erosion.
weathering in a humid climate but not in a dry climate?
b. sheet erosion.
c. waterfall. 18. Discuss all the reasons you can in favor of and in opposition to
d. stream erosion. clearing away and burning tropical rainforests for agricultural
purposes.
518 CHAPTER 20 Shaping Earth’s Surface 20-18