Page 15 - Ranger SPM 2022 Chemistry

Chemistry SPM Chapter 2 Carbon Compound
17. Petroleum is processed through 22. Alternative source of hydrocarbon
fractional distillation to produce is obtained through the chemical
smaller hydrocarbon molecules process carried out on biomass.
according to different boiling points.
23. Biomass is the organic matter of
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18. Based on the experiment: plants and animals containing stored
(a) The higher the boiling point of energy derived from the sun that is
petroleum fraction, the darker renewable.
its colour.
(b) The higher the boiling point of
petroleum fraction, the higher
Quiz
Quiz
Quiz
its viscosity. Quiz
(c) The higher the boiling point of
examples
petroleum fraction, the higher Give three sources of
of
alternative
its sootiness. hydrocarbon.
(d) Petroleum fractions at
temperatures of 30 – 80 °C are
the most flammable.
19. Cracking is a process to break long- Homologous
chain hydrocarbons into simpler and 2.2 Series
useful hydrocarbons.
H H H H H H H 1. Homologous series is a group of
H C C C C C C C H organic compounds with members of
the same chemical properties and
H H H H H H H physical properties that gradually
Long-chain hydrocarbon change as the number of carbon
atoms per molecule increases.
2. The similarities and differences of
H H H H H H H the homologous series are shown in
Table 2.2 while the characteristics
C C H C C C C C H
of homologous series are shown in
H H H H H H H Table 2.3.
Ethene Pentene
Table 2.2 Similarities and differences in the
Diagram 2.4 Cracking process of petroleum homologous series
20. Long-hydrocarbon is heated in the Similarities Differences
Form 5
presence of catalyst (mixture of
aluminium oxide, Al O and silicon(IV) • General formula • Physical properties
2
3
oxide, SiO ) at high temperature and • Functional group • Consecutive
2
pressure. • Chemical members differ by
properties –CH 2
21. Cracking process is important to • Preparation
meet the higher demands for simple method
hydrocarbons such as diesel and
petrol.

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