Page 17 - Ranger SPM 2022 Chemistry

Chemistry SPM Chapter 2 Carbon Compound
5. Suffix of homologous series members.

Homologous Alkane Alkene Alkyne Alcohol Carboxylic Ester
series acid
Suffix “ane” “ene” “yne” “ol” “oic” “oate”
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Example 1

Write the molecular formula and name the hydrocarbon with the general formula C H , n = 4.
n 2n–2
Solution
When n = 4,
Molecular formula = C H
4 6
Root name = but Suffix = yne
IUPAC nomenclature for the hydrocarbon with the general formula C H , n = 4 is butyne
n 2n–2
but yne
Alkane, Alkene dan Alkyne
1. Molecular formulae and IUPAC nomenclature for alkane, alkene and alkyne.

Homologous series
Number Alkane Alkene Alkyne
of
carbon General formula General formula General formula
atoms C H 2n+2 , C H , C H 2n–2 ,
n
n
2n
n
per n = 1, 2, 3… n = 2, 3, 4… n = 2, 3, 4…
molecule Molecular Molecular Molecular
Name Name Name
formula formula formula
1 Methane CH 4 – – – –
2 Ethane C H Etene C H Ethyne C H
2 6 2 4 2 2
3 Propane C H 8 Propene C H 6 Propyne C H 4
3
3
3
4 Butane C H 10 But-1-ene C H 8 But-1-yne C H 6
4
4
4
5 Pentane C H 12 Pent-1-ene C H 10 Pent-1-yne C H 8
Form 5
5
5
5
6 Hexane C H 14 Hex-1-ene C H 12 Hex-1-yne C H 10
6
6
6
7 Heptane C H Hept-1-ene C H Hept-1-yne C H
7 16 7 14 7 12
8 Octane C H Oct-1-ene C H Oct-1-yne C H
8 18 8 16 8 14
9 Nonane C H 20 Non-1-ene C H 18 Non-1-yne C H 16
9
9
9
10 Decane C H 22 Dec-1-ene C H 20 Dec-1-yne C H 18
10
10
10
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