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CHAPTER 5 NursingTheoristsofHistoricalSignificance 51
Rapport
Patient
&
Nurse
Nurse Sympathy Patient
Nurse Empathy Patient
Nurse Emerging identities Patient
Nurse Original encounter Patient
Human Human
FIGURE 5-7 Human-to-HumanRelationship.(Conceptualized by William Hobble and Theresa Lansinger,
based on Joyce Travelbee’s writings.)
between nurse and patient. Travelbee’s emphasis on on Infant Mental Health and Development at the
caring stressed empathy, sympathy, rapport, and the University of Washington. Her pioneering work to
emotional aspects of nursing (Travelbee, 1963, 1964). improve the physical and mental health outcomes of
Rich (2003) revisited Travelbee’s argument on the infants and young children earned her numerous
value of sympathy in nursing and updated it with honors, including the Gustav O. Leinhard Award from
a reminder that compassion is central to holistic the Institute of Medicine, and the Episteme Award
nursing care. Bunkers (2012) recently examined her and the Living Legend Award in 2006 from the
human relationship model to explore the meaning of American Academy of Nursing. Barnard began by
presence. Travelbee’s work is categorized as a nursing studying mentally and physically handicapped chil-
theory. dren and adults, moved into the activities of the
well child, and expanded to methods of evaluating
Kathryn E. Barnard the growth and development of children and mother-
infant relationships, and finally how environment
Child Health Assessment influences development for children and families
Kathryn E. Barnard is an active researcher, educator, (Barnard, 2004). She is the founder of the Nursing
and consultant. She has published extensively since Child Assessment Satellite Training Project (NCAST),
the mid-1960s about improving the health of infants providing health care workers around the globe
and their families. She is Professor Emeritus of with guidelines for assessing infant development and
Nursing and the founder and director of the Center parent-child interactions.
