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MODULE • Chemistry Form 4

Example of electrolytic cell / Contoh sel elektrolisis:
(i) (ii) (iii)

Electrolyte
Electrodes A Elektrolit
Elektrod
Electrolyte Electrode Electrode
Elektrolit Elektrod Elektrod Electrodes
Electrolyte A Elektrod
Elektrolit
Heat
Panaskan
Electrolysis of molten electrolyte Electrolysis of aqueous electrolyte Electrolysis of aqueous electrolyte
Elektrolisis elektrolit lebur (No gas released) (Gas is released)
Elektrolisis elektrolit dalam bentuk akueus Elektrolisis elektrolit dalam bentuk larutan
(Tiada gas dibebaskan) (Gas dibebaskan)
6 Electric current from the battery flows into the electrolyte through the electrode. There are two types of electrode in the
electrolytic cell:
Arus elektrik dari bateri mengalir ke dalam elektrolit melalui elektrod. Terdapat dua jenis elektrod dalam sel elektrolisis:
(a) Anode: An electrode that is connected to the positive terminal of the battery.
Anod: Elektrod yang disambung kepada terminal positif bateri dalam sel elektrolisis.
(b) Cathode: An electrode that is connected to the negative terminal of the battery.
Katod: Elektrod yang disambung kepada terminal negatif bateri dalam sel elektrolisis.
7 An electrolyte consists of free moving ions because it is in a molten or aqueous state. Each ion moves to the opposite
charge electrode. There are two types of ions in electrolyte:
Dalam keadaan lebur atau akueus, elektrolit terdiri daripada ion-ion yang bergerak bebas. Setiap ion bergerak kepada elektrod yang
bertentangan cas. Terdapat dua jenis ion dalam elektrolit:
(a) Anions: Negative ions which are attracted and move to the positively charged electrode, anode .
Anion: Ion negatif akan tertarik dan bergerak ke arah elektrod anod yang bercas positif .
(b) Cations: Positive ions which are attracted and move to the negatively charged electrode, cathode .
Kation: Ion positif akan tertarik dan bergerak ke arah elektrod katod yang bercas negatif .
8 Electrolysis occurs at the electrode when electric current flows in the electrolytic cell. The stages in electrolysis process
are:
Proses elektrolisis berlaku di elektrod apabila arus elektrik mengalir melalui sel elektrolisis. Peringkat dalam proses elektrolisis adalah
seperti berikut:
(a) Anions (negative ions) are attracted and move to the anode . The anions release electrons to the surface
of anode and become neutral atoms or molecule. The anions are discharged at the anode.

Anion (ion negatif) akan tertarik dan bergerak ke arah anod . Anion melepaskan elektron pada permukaan anod dan
menjadi atom/molekul. Anion dinyahcaskan pada anod.
(b) Electrons flow from the anode to the cathode through the connecting wire in the external circuit .

Elektron mengalir dari anod ke katod melalui wayar penyambung dalam litar luar .
(c) Cations (positive ions) are attracted and move to the cathode . The cations receive electrons at the surface
of cathode and become neutral atoms or molecules. The cations are discharged at the cathode.

Kation (ion positif) akan tertarik dan bergerak ke arah katod . Kation menerima elektron pada permukaan katod dan
menjadi atom/molekul. Kation dinyahcaskan pada katod.
– Electrons flow through the external circuit / Elektron mengalir melalui litar luar.
– Chemical changes occur at the anode and cathode / Perubahan kimia berlaku di anod dan katod.

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