Page 750 - First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2020, Thirtieth edition [MedicalBooksVN.com]_Neat

706 SeCTiON iii Rapid Review ` Key assoCiations Rapid Review ` equation review

Disease/FinDinG most Common/imPortant assoCiations PaGe
Epidural hematoma Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform 513
shaped)
Subdural hematoma Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped) 513
Dementia Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts (vascular dementia) 520,
521
Demyelinating disease in young women Multiple sclerosis 523
Brain tumor (adults) Supratentorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (including 526
glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma
Pituitary tumor Prolactinoma, somatotropic adenoma 527
Brain tumor (kids) Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or 528
supratentorial: craniopharyngioma
Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 530
Degeneration of dorsal column fibers Tabes dorsalis (3° syphilis), subacute combined 530
degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal,
spinocerebellar tracts affected)
Nephrotic syndrome (adults) Membranous nephropathy 597
Nephrotic syndrome (kids) Minimal change disease 597
Glomerulonephritis (adults) Berger disease (IgA nephropathy) 596
Kidney stones ƒ Calcium = radiopaque 598
ƒ Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease
⊕ organisms such as Klebsiella, Proteus species, and
S saprophyticus)
ƒ Uric acid = radiolucent
ƒ Cystine = faintly radiopaque
Renal tumor Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau 605
and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO,
renin, PTHrP, ACTH)
Obstruction of male urinary tract BPH 654
1° amenorrhea Turner syndrome (45,XO or 45,XO/46,XX mosaic) 638
Neuron migration failure Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 639
and anosmia)
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina DES exposure in utero 644
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral) Serous cystadenoma 646
Ovarian tumor (malignant) Serous cystadenocarcinoma 646
Tumor in women Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous) 648
Gynecologic malignancy Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical 648
carcinoma (most common worldwide)
Breast mass Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal 649
women)
Breast tumor (benign, young woman) Fibroadenoma 649
Breast cancer Invasive ductal carcinoma 650
Testicular tumor Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive),  placental ALP 652,
653

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