Page 747 - First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2020, Thirtieth edition [MedicalBooksVN.com]_Neat

Rapid Review ` Key assoCiations Rapid Review ` Key assoCiations SeCTiON iii 703

Disease/FinDinG most Common/imPortant assoCiations PaGe
UTI E coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women) 181
Sexually transmitted disease C trachomatis (usually coinfected with N gonorrhoeae) 184
Nosocomial pneumonia S aureus, Pseudomonas, other enteric gram ⊝ rods 185

Pelvic inflammatory disease C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae 185
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease S aureus, E coli, Aspergillus (catalase ⊕) 186
Metastases to bone Prostate, breast > kidney, thyroid, lung 223
Metastases to brain Lung > breast > melanoma, colon, kidney 223
Metastases to liver Colon >> stomach > pancreas 223
S3 heart sound  ventricular filling pressure (eg, mitral regurgitation, 287
HF), common in dilated ventricles
S4 heart sound Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive 287
cardiomyopathy)
Constrictive pericarditis TB (developing world); idiopathic, viral illness (developed 287
world)
Holosystolic murmur VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation 291
Ejection click Aortic stenosis 291
Mitral valve stenosis Rheumatic heart disease 291
Opening snap Mitral stenosis 291
Heart murmur, congenital Mitral valve prolapse 291
Chronic arrhythmia Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli) 295
Cyanosis (early; less common) Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus 298
arteriosus, total anomalous pulmonary venous return,
tricuspid atresia
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; 299
right to left) results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)

Congenital cardiac anomaly VSD 299
Hypertension, 2° Renal artery stenosis, chronic kidney disease (eg, 300
polycystic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy),
hyperaldosteronism
Aortic aneurysm, thoracic Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration) 302
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal Atherosclerosis, smoking is major risk factor 302
Aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch 3° syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction 303
Sites of atherosclerosis Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery 302
> carotid artery
Aortic dissection Hypertension 303
Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause Cor pulmonale 309
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse) 310
Endocarditis presentation associated with bacterium S aureus (acute, IVDA, tricuspid valve), viridans 310
streptococci (subacute, dental procedure), S bovis (colon
cancer), culture negative (Coxiella, Bartonella, HACEK)
Temporal arteritis Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to occlusion of 314
ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica

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