Page 126 - APPLIED PROCESS DESIGN FOR CHEMICAL AND PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS, Volume 1, 3rd Edition

110 Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants

w d
�000 Index Re -= 6.31 W/d/1, JL 0.3 ·-
h
800 = 0.-482q' Sg Id/A
0.008- -
-
600 - 0.4-
500 : -
400 0.009- 0.5-
Internal pipe diameter, in. - -
300 0.6-
-
-
�� 6 � 0.7-:_
200 �:: O.ol I - 0.8--: '--
-
0.9-:
I -----12 O.o12- 1.0- '--
-
-
100 '\) � 10 0.013- -
-
80 0.014- - 1�4
I
- '-
-
11 :=------: .;
I
60 NR, I :::=-----::: 8 0015- 1.5-: '-- 1�2 .5
-
-
-
50 IQ,000 ... 0.016- - .;
a.
2-
c:
40 ..: <) 8,000 -. .'!! - ·- - � 2 ·a.
.....
.c 6,000 4f:: '- .� 0.017- ... - 0
'-
- ,_
a.
30 ..,; 4,000 -i 3- '- - - 'a. - 2h ""' ...
'- a 0.(Jl8-
.,; 3,000 '.:, = '- u - - 3 ..
:::,
:::, 1�2 '- :E- 0.019- - 3- "D
0
L---
...
20 0 2,0� I • >- ·;;; - ... - - .c
0 0.020-
u
= -; (3) 1\ 1· 174- - u u -- 312 -
"'
"'
-
·;;
- I, � 3/4= = � - .� 4- - 4 ..
E
I
0
-
;:
0
...
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..
-
0
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10 ... "D 600 ' h= - - ;; s-= - 5 ·;;;
a c: 400 ' 0 - c
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a
a: "' .D c - ·e
0
c
ct
::,
... -
-
0
-
.c 300 ' .. 0.025- - 6- - 6
6 - 200 I\\ \ 7- z
0
x
5 .D '� 8- 8
- ,_
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4 E 100 � I'� 9-
:::,
c
80
....
10
"" 60 N
0
c: 40 - '- 12
"" ...
a: 30 - -
14
-
.......
20 " 0.035- 15- 16
-
'I\ - -
1\1' - -'- 18
-
10 0.040- - '-- 20
8 - 20-
6 - -� 24
(4) - -
4 ' -
-
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3 0.045-: 30-
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2 -
0.01 . 0.02 0.03 0.04 005 0.050....: -
f -frrct,on factor for clean-- 40 ,_
steel and wrought iron pipe
Figure 2-33. Reynolds number for compressible flow, steel pipe. By permission, Crane Co., Technical Paper #410, Engineering Div., 1957. Also
see 1976 edition.
ture, and a great potential exists for damage from such the speed of sound. The ratio of the actual fluid velocity
waves [15]. A discussion of shock waves is beyond the to its speed of sound is called the Mach number [38].
scope of this chapter.
The velocity of sound at 68°F in air is 1126 ft/sec.
Velocity considerations are important in rotating or For any gas, the speed of sound is:
reciprocating machinery systems, because, if the com-
pressible fluid velocity exceeds the speed of sound in the
fluid, shock waves can be set up and the results of such », = � kgp "/p, ft/ sec (2- 86)
conditions are much different than the velocities below (equation continued on page 113)