Page 558 - APPLIED PROCESS DESIGN FOR CHEMICAL AND PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS, Volume 1, 3rd Edition

524 Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants

Table 7-31
Explosion Characteristics of Various Dusts
(Partial Listing)
(Compiled from the following reports of the U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Mines: RI 5753, The Explosibility of Agricultural Dusts; RI 6516,
Explosibility of Metal Powders; RI 5971, Explosibility of Dusts Used in the Plastics Industry; RI 6597, Explosibility of Carbonaceous Dusts; RI 7132, Dust
Explosibility of Chemicals, Drugs. Dyes and Pesticides; and RI 7208, Explosibility of Miscellaneous Dusts.)
Max Rate Ignition Min Limiting
Maximum of Temperature Cloud Min Oxygen
Explosi- Ignition Exp lo- Explosion Pressure Ignition Explosion Percentage*
bility Sensi- sion Pressure Rise Cloud Layer Energy Cone (Spark
Type of Dust Index tivity Severity psig psi/sec •c •c joules oz/cu ft Ignition)
Agricultural Dusts
Alfalfa meal 0.1 0.1 1.2 66 1.100 530 0.32 0.105
Almond shell 0.3 0.9 0.3 101 1,400 450 210 0.08 0.065
Apricot pit 1.9 1.6 1.2 109 4,000 440 230 0.08 0.035
Cellulose 2.8 1.0 2.8 130 4,500 480 270 0.080 0.055 C13
Cellulose. alpha >10 2.7 4.0 117 8,000 410 300 0.040 0.045
Cellulose. flock, fine cut 8.7 2.3 3.8 112 7,000 460 260 0.035 0.055 C13
Cereal grass < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 65 400 620 230 0.80 0.20
Cherry pit 4.4 2.0 2.2 113 4,400 430 220 0.08 0.03
Cinnamon 5.8 2.5 2.3 121 3,900 440 230 0.03 0.06
Citrus peel 0.6 0.7 0.9 51 1,200 500 330 0.10 0.06
Coca bean shell 13.7 3.6 3.8 77 3,300 470 370 0.03 0.04
Cocoa. natural 1 9% fat 0.6 0.5 1.1 68 1,200 510 240 0.10 O.Q75
Coconut shell 4.2 2.0 2.1 115 4,200 470 220 0.06 0,035
Coffee. raw bean < 0.1 0.1 0.1 33 150 650 280 0.32 0.15 C17
Coffee. fully roasted < 0.1 0.2 0.1 38 150 720 270 0.16 0.085 C17
Coffee. instant spray dried < 0.1 0.1 0.1 68 500 410 350 t 0.28
Corn 6.9 2.3 3.0 113 6.000 400 250 0.04 0.055
Corncob grit 5.5 2.5 2.2 127 3.700 450 240 0.045 0.045
Corn dextrine. pure 12.1 3.1 3.9 124 5.500 410 390t 0.04 0.04
Cornstarch commercial product 9.5 2.8 3.4 106 7,500 400 0.04 0.045
Cornstarch (thru No. 325
Sieve) 23.2 4.3 5.4 145 9,500 390 350 0.03 0.04 C11
Cork dust >10 3.6 3.3 96 7,500 460 210 0.035 0.035
Cotton linter. raw < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 73 400 520 1.92 0.50 C21
Cottonseed meal 1.1 0.9 1.2 104 2.200 540 0.08 0.055
Cube root, South American 6.5 2.7 2.4 69 2,100 470 230 0.04 0.04
Egg white < .1 < 0.1 0.2 58 500 610 0.64 0.14
Flax shive 0.2 0.7 0.3 108 1.500 430 230 0.08 0.08
Garlic. dehydrated 0.2 0.2 1.2 57 1.300 360 0.24 0.10
Grain dust. winter wheat.
corn. oats 9.2 2.8 3.3 131 7,000 430 230 0.03 0.055
Grass seed, blue < 0.1 0.1 0.1 51 400 490 180 0.26 0.29
Guar seed 2.4 1.7 1.4 70 1.200 500 0.06 0.04
Gum. arabic 1.1 0.7 1.6 84 1,500 500 260 0.10 0.06
Gum, karaya 0.3 0.2 1.5 83 1.100 520 240 0.18 0.10
Gum. Manila (copal) 18.0 6.2 2.9 63 2.800 360 390t 0.03 0.03
Gum. tragacanth 8.1 2.6 3.1 88 2,400 490 260 0.045 0.04
Hemp hurd 20.5 3.8 5.4 121 10.000 440 220 0.035 0.04
Lycopodium 16.4 4.2 3.9 75 3.100 480 310 0.04 0.025 C13
Malt barley 5.5 2.6 2.1 95 4.400 400 250 0.035 0.055
Milk, skimmed 1.4 1.6 0.9 95 2,300 490 200 0.05 0.05 N15
Moss. Irish < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 35 400 480 230 t §
Onion. dehydrated < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 35 500 410 t 0.13
Pea flour 4.0 1.8 2.2 68 1,900 560 260 0.04 0.05
Peach pit shell 7.1 3.1 2.3 115 4,700 440 210 0.05 0.03
Peanut hull 4.0 2.0 2.0 116 8.000 460 210 0.05 0.045
Peat. sphagnum, sun dried 2.0 2.0 1.0 104 2,200 460 240 0.05 0.045
Pecan nut shell 7.4 3.1 2.4 112 4,400 440 210 0.05 0.03
Pectin (from ground dried
apple pulp) 10.3 2.2 4.7 132 8,000 410 200 0.035 O.Q75
Potato starch. dextrinated 20.9 5.1 4.1 120 8.000 440 0.025 0.045
Pyrethrum. ground flower
leaves 0.4 0.6 0.6 95 1.500 460 210 0.08 0.10
Rauwolfia vomitoria root 9.2 2.2 4.2 106 7,500 420 230 0.045 0.055
Rice 0.3 0.5 0.5 47 700 510 450 0.10 0.085
Rice bran 1.4 1.1 1.3 61 1.300 490 0.08 0.045
Rice hull 2.7 1.6 1.7 109 4,000 450 220 0.05 0.055
Safflower meal 5.2 4.0 1.3 90 2.400 460 210 0.025 0.055
Soy flour 0.7 0.6 1.1 94 800 550 340 0.10 0.06 C15
Soy protein 4.0 1.2 3.3 98 6,500 540 0.06 0.05 C15
Sucrose. chemically pure 3.3 1.1 3.0 76 2.500 420 470t 0.10 0.045
Sucrose 4.8 2.7 1.8 86 5,500 370 400t 0.03 0.045
Sugar. powdered 9.6 4.0 2.4 109 5.000 370 400t O.o3 0.045
• Numbers in this column indicate oxygen percentage while the letter prefix indicates the diluent gas. For example. the entry "C1 3" means dilution
to an oxygen content of 13 percent with carbon dioxide as the diluent gas. The letter prefixes are: C = Carbon Dioxide; N = Nitrogen; A = Argon;
and H = Helium.
t No ignition to 8.32 joules, the highest tried.
t Ignition denoted by flame. all others not so marked (;) denoted by a glow.
§ No ignition to 2 oz per cu ft. the highest tried. ( continued)