Page 245 - Basic Japanese

Koko de tabako o suwanai de kudasai.

Please do not smoke here.

運転しなくてはいけないのでお酒を飲まないでおきま
す。

Unten shinakute wa ikenai no de o-sake o nomanai de

okimasu.
As I have to drive, I won’t drink (so I can drive
later).

5.14. はず hazu

Hazu is a NOUN meaning something like NORMAL

EXPECTATION or OBJECTIVE CONCLUSION. Being preceded
by a modifier clause and followed by some form of the

copula, it means ‘is (supposed) to, is expected to,’ but not
‘supposed to’ in the sense of obligation ‘ought to.’

Note the hazu expresses what is generally expected, and

usually refers to what the speaker expects of “other” people
or things; it is sometimes close to …ni chigai nai ‘there is no

doubt that.’ To make the negative, you usually say hazu wa
nai (rather than hazu ja nai); or, you can make the preceding

verb negative: Tanaka-san wa kuru hazu wa arimasen, or …konai
hazu desu ‘Mr. Tanaka surely won’t come.’ Also note that the

predicates before hazu are in the prenominal form (the form

required when placed before a noun) because hazu is a
noun.

田中さんはしっかりしていますから，きっと確認を
とったはずです。

Tanaka-san wa shikkari shite imasu kara, kitto kakunin o
totta hazu desu.