Page 512 - Basic Japanese

Shinbun ni yoru to ame ga furu sō desu.
According to the paper, it seems it’s going to
rain.

The expression NOUN + ni yotte means ‘according to,
depending on’:

Basho ni yotte kikō ga chigaimasu.
The weather varies from place to place.

(Depending on the place, the weather is
different.)

Hito ni yotte iken ga chigaimasu.
Opinions differ with people. (Different people
have different views.)

10.14. Causative, passive, and causative
passive verbs

Most Japanese verbs have corresponding CAUSATIVES,
PASSIVES, and CAUSATIVE PASSIVES.

The causative verbs are made, for the most part, by

adding the ending -sase-ru to vowel stems and the ending -
ase-ru to consonant stems. Some of the meanings of such a

verb are ‘causes someone to do something; makes someone
do something; lets someone do something.’ The forms
kosaseru ‘lets/makes someone come’ (from kuru ‘comes’) and

saseru ‘lets/makes someone do’ (from suru ‘does’) are

irregular.

The passive verbs are made by adding the ending -rare-ru
to vowel stems and the ending -are-ru to consonant stems.

Some of the meanings are ‘is affected by another person’s