Page 296 - Clinical Application of Mechanical Ventilation
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262 Chapter 9
A
Sensor Unit
Cell
ET Tube
Ventilator
B
Used with permission from Criticare Systems, Inc.
Figure 9-12 (A) Mainstream capnography sensor; (B) Sidestream capnography sensor.
Transitory events can be examined by review of the capnographic tracing. The
capnogram can be useful in determining accidental esophageal intubations, en-
dotracheal tube cuff leaks, and airway obstructions. It can also be used to de-
termine the synchronization of respiratory frequencies between the patient and
ventilator. Some other clinical applications for capnography include use during
weaning, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, intubation, bronchoscopy, and hypo-
capnic management of patients with head trauma (Carlon et al., 1988; Hess,
1990). The capnographs do not provide absolute measurements but they can be
used to follow the PCO changes in hemodynamically stable trauma patients
2
(Hess, 1990). Figure 9-14 shows the representative capnograms that correlate
with some clinical conditions.
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