Page 754 - Clinical Application of Mechanical Ventilation

720 Index

Alarm (continued) Arterial catheter, 277–281
troubleshooting, 389–394 insertion of, 278–279
volume, 76 potential problems with, 281
Alarm settings, 229–230 Arterial oxygen tension to inspired oxygen concentration
apnea, 230 (PaO 2 /F I O 2 ) index, 689
high and low F I O 2 , 230 Arterial pressure, normal, 279, 279f
high frequency, 230 Artificial airways. See also Intubation
low exhaled volume, 229 care of, 397–400
low inspiratory pressure, 229 common, 154–156
Alarm systems, 75–76 indications for, 153, 153t
Albuterol, 425t management of, 170–176
Alkalemia, 435–436 Ascending ramp waveform, 73–75, 73f, 74 f, 311,312
Alpha receptors, 424t Assist mandatory volume-controlled ventilation,
Altitude hypoxia, 607 318–320
Alveofact, 551t Assist/control (AC) mode, 94–96
Alveolar deadspace, 11, 11f advantages of, 96
Alveolar hyperventilation characteristics of, 96t
and hypoxia, 388 complications of, 96
and improper ventilator settings, 388 cycling mechanism, 95
and metabolic acidosis, 388 indications for, 95
in patients with COPD, 388–389 pressure tracing, 95f
and sedation or patient fatigue, 389 triggering mechanism, 94–95
Alveolar pressure, 28t, 29t, 314, 327–328, 331f Assist/control (AC) pressure tracing, 87, 88f
Alveolar ventilation, 382 Asymmetrical chest movement, 246–247, 246f
Alveolar volume, 13 Atelectasis, 8, 10
Alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure gradient, 218 Ativan, 442t
Alveolar-capillary (A-C) membrane, 15–16, 492 Atracurium, 434t, 437t
Aminophylline, 428, 428t Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), 253
Anatomic deadspace, 11 Atropine, 426t
Anectine, 434t, 437t Atropine sulfate, 472, 473t
Anemia, 382 Auscultation, 248–249, 249f
Anion gap, 253–254, 402–403 Autoclave, 138
Anions, 402 Automatic tube compensation (ATC), 69, 115, 529
Antagonists, 444, 444t Automode, 69, 108
Antianxiety agents, 440–442 Autonomic nervous system agents, 422–434
Anticholinergic bronchodilators, 426–427, 426t Auto-PEEP, 88, 221, 225, 339–340, 376, 394t
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), 253 in inverse ratio ventilation, 114
Antiemetic, 450 strategies to reduce, 393
Anti-inflammatory agents, 429–430, 429t, 430t and work of breathing, 393
Anxiolysis, 440 Auto-PEEP alarm, 393
Apache II Severity of Disease Classification System, Autotitration, 203–204
706–707 Azmacort (triamcinolone), 429t
Apgar score, 546t
Apnea, 436 B
Apnea alarm, 230, 392
Apnea index, 196 Barbiturates, 447–448, 447t
Apnea ventilation, 87 Barometric pressure (P B ), 28t
Apnea-hypopnea index, 196 Barotrauma, 90, 232, 409
Arformoterol tartrate, 425t Baseline variable, 62–63
Arterial blood gases (ABGs), 254–258, 386–389 Beclomethasone, 429t
limitations of, 257–258 Bellows drive mechanism, 55, 55f
normal range for adults, 255t Benzodiazepines, 439, 440–442, 441t
parameters, 255t Berman airway, 126–127, 127f

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