Page 758 - Clinical Application of Mechanical Ventilation

724 Index

Dual control ventilation, 566 EOA. See Esophageal obturator airway (EOA)
Dynamic compliance, 6t, 7–10, 7t, 691 EPAP. See Expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP)
Dynamic pressure, 331f Epinephrine, 425t
Dyssynchrony Esophageal detection device (EDD), 168
during constant flow ventilation, 347–349 Esophageal gastric tube airway (EGTA), 132, 132f, 133t
during descending ramp flow ventilation, 349–350, 349f Esophageal intubation, signs of, 167–168
patient-ventilator, 345–352, 348f Esophageal obturator airway (EOA), 130–132, 131f
during pressure-controlled ventilation, 351–352 insertion of, 131
precautions in use of, 132t
E Esophageal-tracheal Combitube (ETC), 139–140, 139f
complications of, 140
ECF. See Extracellular fluid (ECF) insertion and use of, 139–140
ECMO. See Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Estimated physiologic shunt equation, 14–15
(ECMO) ETC. See Esophageal-tracheal Combitube (ETC)
ECMO circuit, 570, 571f Etomidate (Amidate), 170
EDD. See Esophageal detection device (EDD) Eucapnic ventilation, 91
EGTA. See Esophageal gastric tube airway (EGTA) Exosurf, 550
Elastic load, 52 Expiratory flow waveform, as diagnostic tool, 352–357,
Elastic recoil, loss of, 354–355, 354f 353f
Electrolyte balance, 253–254 Expiratory gas alarm, excessive, 76
normal, 402–403 Expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP), 194, 195t
Electrolyte imbalance, 21t, 254, 403–405, 403t, 404t adjustments of, 92
and neuromuscular blockage, 434–435 Expiratory time (T E ), 318
Electrolytes, 253–255, 254t Exponential waveform, 72f
normal concentrations in plasma, 701 Extracellular fluid (ECF)
Electronic control circuit, 57 changes in distribution of, 400–401
End flow, 334, 334f clinical signs of deficit or excess, 401, 401t
End-inspiratory pause, 316f defined, 400
End-of-life sedation case study, 685–687 treatment of abnormalities, 402
Endotracheal (ET) intubation, 152–153, 182t Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), 384–385,
complications of, 182–184 568–572
indications for, 153, 153t complications of, 570–572
neonatal, 546–548 criteria, 569, 569t
signs of, 165–167 history, 568
Endotracheal (ET) tube, 152f, 154–155, 160–161 mechanisms of bypass, 570
and airway resistance, 3–4 patient selection, 568–569
changing, 176 venoarterial route, 570f
complications of, 182t Extrapyramidal reactions (EPS), 450–451
depth of, 167 Extubation, 179–181
and hyperbaric oxygenation, 597–598 complications following, 181, 183–184
management of, 170–176 criteria for, 180t
neonatal, 547–548, 547t predictors of successful, 179
patency of, 397–398 procedure, 179–181
placement of, 165–166 unplanned, 181
securing, 171–172, 171f
selection of, 162 F
size, 162t
suctioning, 173–176, 175t Fat emulsion, 406–407
Endotracheal (ET) tube changer, 176 Fenestrated tracheostomy tube, 176, 177f
End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring, 260–265 Fiberoptic bronchoscope, 470
End-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PetCO 2 ), 261 Fiberoptic bronchoscopy, 470–477
End-transairway pressure, 334 Fiberoptic endoscope, 161
Engström 100, 52 Fiberoptic laryngoscope, 161

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