Page 60 - Concise Pathology for Exam Preparation ( PDFDrive )

2 Acute and Chronic Inflammation 45

Factor XII (Hageman factor)
High molecular weight Collagen, basement membrane,
Kininogen (HMWK) activated platelets

Factor XIIa

Kinin cascade XIIa Clotting cascade XIIa

Kallikrein Prekallikrein Factor XI XIa

Factor X Xa
HMWK

Fibrinolytic system Prothrombin (II) Thrombin (IIa)

Plasminogen Plasmin Fibrin Fibrinogen

Bradykinin Complement cascade Fibrin split products

C3 C3a
FLOWCHART 2.10. Interrelationship of four plasma-derived systems (Hageman factor XII of
the clotting system plays a key role in the interaction of these systems).

Q. Enumerate the factors determining variation in inflammatory
response of different individuals.

Ans. Factors determining variation in individual inflammatory responses are as follows:
1. Factors involving the organism:
(a) Type of injury
(b) Virulence and dosage of infective organism
(c) Portal of entry
2. Factors involving the host:
(a) General health of host; starvation, chronic debilitating diseases like diabetes
mellitus and alcoholism render the host more susceptible to infections
(b) Immune status of host
(c) Neutropenia
(d) Site or type of tissue involved
(e) Local host factors—ischaemia, presence of foreign bodies, necrosis, etc.
Q. What are the systemic effects of inflammation?

Ans. Systemic changes associated with inflammation are collectively called acute phase
response or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS; Flowchart 2.11).

Bacterial products (lipopolysaccharides or LPS)

Release of cytokines

SIRS
FLOWCHART 2.11. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

mebooksfree.com