Page 258 - Clinical Immunology_ Principles and Practice ( PDFDrive )

TABLE 16.1 T-Helper (Th) Cell Effector Function Through Cytokine Secretion
Th1
Interleukin (IL)-2 T-cell growth and potentiation of Fas-mediated apoptosis
Natural killer (NK) cell growth and cytolytic activity
B-cell growth and antibody production
Interferon (IFN)-γ Increases class I and class II molecule expression on numerous cell types
Promotes Th1 differentiation
Activates macrophages; stimulates phagocytic killing and oxidative bursts
Induces immunoglobulin (Ig)G2α and lgG3 class switching
Inhibits IgG1 and IgE class switching
Inhibits Th2 proliferation
Activates neutrophils
Activates endothelium to promote CD4 T-cell adhesion
Stimulates NK cell cytolytic activity
Required for the activation of CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) Activates vascular endothelial cells; enhances leukocyte recruitment
Activates neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages
Stimulates IL-1, IL-6, TNF, and chemokine expression by macrophages
Protects against viral infections, similar to interferons (IFNs)
Increases class I molecule expression
Induces fever
Activates coagulation
Lymphotoxin (LT) (TNF-β) Activates neutrophils and osteoclasts
Activates vascular endothelial cells; enhances leukocyte recruitment
Cytotoxic activity against tumor cells
Stimulates adhesion molecule expression
Increases class I molecule expression
Th2
IL-4 Growth and differentiation of Th2 cells
B-cell growth and class II molecule upregulation
Induces IgG1 class switching (IgG4 in humans) and IgE
Inhibits IgG2a and lgG3 class switching
Mast cell growth
Inhibits macrophage activation
Induces vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) expression on endothelium; recruits eosinophils/monocytes
IL-5 B-cell growth and activation
Eosinophil differentiation
Eosinophil activation and survival
IL-10 Inhibits cytokine and chemokine production in monocytes, especially TNF, IL-1, and IL-12
Inhibits macrophage activation and function
Inhibits T cell–mediated inflammation
Induces lgG4 class switching (lgG1 in mice)
IL-13 Upregulates class II molecules on monocytes and B cells
Inhibits proinflammatory cytokine production by monocytes
B-cell costimulation
Induces IgG4 class switching (lgG1 in mice) and IgE
Increases class I molecule expression

Th9
IL-9 Mast cell expansion and recruitment
T-cell growth factor
IL-21 Promotes Th17 differentiation
B-cell survival; antibody class switching
Enhances NK cell proliferation; promotes killer function
Th17
IL-17 Increases T-cell proliferation
Promotes neutrophil recruitment and activity
Promotes cytokine production including IL-6 and TNF-α
Induces chemokine production
Granulocyte macrophage–colony- Promotes myeloid cell development and maturation
stimulating factor (GM-CSF) Promotes dendritic cell differentiation and survival
Enhances macrophage activation
IL-6 Activates acute-phase response, inducing fever and antibacterial responses
Promotes Th2 and Th17 differentiation
Activates and elicits s NK responses
Promotes plasma cell differentiation and Ig production
IL-21 See above.
TNF-α See above.
Th22
IL-22 Activates acute phase response, inducing fever and antibacterial responses
IL-13 See above.
TNF-α See above.