Page 600 - Clinical Hematology_ Theory _ Procedures ( PDFDrive )

■ Name several conditions that can produce a high total leukocyte ■ List and describe the types of crystals that may be observed in syno-
count in peritoneal uid. vial uid.

List the types of cells that can be seen in peritoneal effusion and Associate various types of crystals with particular disorders.

associate these cell types with a representative disorder. De ne birefringence and explain its use in the identi cation of crys-

■ Describe the anatomy of the pericardium. tals in body uids.
Associate the various types and causes of pericardial effusion. Describe the normal total cell count and differential in synovial uid.

■ Name a cause of an increased total leukocyte count with mostly ■ Compare the laboratory ndings in nonin ammatory and in amma-
polymorphonuclear segmented neutrophils (PMNs). tory arthritis.

Seminal uid Body uid slide preparation

■ Describe the anatomical structures and their respective cellular ■ Compare the features of various methods of body uid sediment
and/or chemical components. preparation.

Describe health, medical, and social behaviors that can negatively ■ Differentiate the characteristics of Wright-Giemsa and

in uence the sperm count or other seminal analysis results. Papanicolaou’s stains.

■ Discuss the proper collection and handling of seminal uid. Amniotic uid

■ Name the normal number of sperm cells per milliliter or per liter.
■ Describe the composition of amniotic uid and its importance to
■ Name the types of microscopic assays and the respective normal the fetus.
values.
■ Interpret automated lamellar body counts in amniotic uid.

Synovial uid Case studies

■ De ne the term arthrocentesis. Analyze the patient history, clinical signs and symptoms, and labo-

■ List at least three disorders that can be diagnosed de nitively by ratory data for the stated case studies, answer the related critical
synovial uid analysis. thinking questions, and conclude the most likely diagnosis.

■ List several sites that may be aspirated.

■ Name the tests that should be included in the routine analysis of NOTE:
synovial uid. indicates MLT and MLS core content

■ Name the procedures included in the gross examination of synovial ■
indicates MLT (optional) and MLS advanced content
uid.

INTRODUCTION

TABLE 29.1 Body Fluids
Frequently, the analysis o body f uids is assigned to the

hematology laboratory. Gross physical examination, total Fluids Synonyms

cell count, microscopic examination, and other special tests

are generally within the job responsibility o hematology Bronchoalveolar lavage Bronchial washings

technicians and technologists. Because clinical correlations Cerebrospinal uid Spinal uid

o body f uid analyses are diagnostically important, clinical

in ormation is presented in each section o this chapter. Lumbar puncture uid

Chemical analyses and microbial and cytological exami- Ventricular uid

nations are generally per ormed in the chemistry, microbiol- Meningeal uid

ogy, and cytology departments, respectively. For this reason, Synovial uid Joint uid

speci c procedures in these disciplines are not included in

this chapter. Peritoneal Dialysate uid

Sterile body f uid can be ound in various body cavities (abdominal) uid Paracentesis uid

under normal conditions. In diverse disorders and disease Ascitic uid

processes, the quantity o these f uids can increase signi - Pericardial uid Fluid from around the

cantly. Fluid specimens aspirated rom di erent anatomical heart

sites ( able 29.1) can be analyzed or the total number o

cells, di erentiation o cell types, chemical composition, and Pericardiocentesis uid

microbial contents. All body f uids should be handled with Pleural uid Chest uid

caution. Standard precautions must be practiced. Thoracic uid

T e type o examination per ormed on the body f uid Thoracentesis uid

depends on the source o the specimen. However, a portion

o the examination o cerebrospinal uid (CSF); serous f uids Seminal uid Semen