Page 45 - Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology ( PDFDrive )

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mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com Pathogen 2 Type of Organism 1 Disease in Fetus or Neonate mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com
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PART I Basic Bacteriology
34
TABLE 7–2 Vertical Transmission of Some Important Pathogens
Mode of Transmission
Transplacental
Treponema pallidum
Congenital syphilis
B

B
Neonatal sepsis and meningitis
Listeria monocytogenes

Parvovirus B19
Hydrops fetalis

Toxoplasma gondii
Toxoplasmosis

Neonatal sepsis and meningitis
Streptococcus agalactiae (group B
Within birth canal/at the Cytomegalovirus V V P B B B Congenital abnormalities
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time of birth
streptococcus)
Escherichia coli

Neonatal sepsis and meningitis
Conjunctivitis or pneumonia

Chlamydia trachomatis
Conjunctivitis

Herpes simplex type-2
Skin, CNS, or disseminated infection (sepsis)

Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B virus

Human immunodeficiency virus
Asymptomatic infection

Candida albicans

Thrush
Staphylococcus aureus
Oral or skin infections
Breast milk
Cytomegalovirus
Asymptomatic infection

Human T-cell leukemia virus

CNS = central nervous system.
1
B, bacterium; V, virus; F, fungus; P, protozoa. V Asymptomatic infection
2 3 L. monocytogenes can also be transmitted at the time of birth.
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HIV is transmitted primarily at the time of birth but is also transmitted across the placenta and in breast milk.
TABLE 7–3 Portals of Entry of Some Common Pathogens
Portal of Entry
Disease
B
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Respiratory tract
Pneumonia
B
Meningitis

Neisseria meningitides

B
Haemophilus influenzae
Meningitis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis

B
Tuberculosis
Common cold
Rhinovirus
Epstein–Barr virus
Coccidioidomycosis
Coccidioides immitis
Gastrointestinal tract Influenza virus V V F F B B Influenza
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Histoplasmosis
Histoplasma capsulatum
Dysentery
Shigella dysenteriae
Salmonella typhi
Typhoid fever

Cholera
B
Norovirus
V

Gastroenteritis
Gastroenteritis
V

Rotavirus
V

Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A virus
Poliomyelitis

Poliovirus
V

H
Trichinella spiralis
Trichinosis

Rickettsia rickettsii
Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Rabies
Rabies virus
Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)
Trichophyton rubrum
Skin Clostridium tetani B B V F P B B Tetanus
Malaria

Plasmodium vivax
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Gonorrhea
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Genital tract
Treponema pallidum

Syphilis
B
Urethritis

Genital warts
Human papillomavirus
V
Herpes simplex virus-2
Genital herpes
V

Vaginitis
F
Candida albicans
1
B, bacterium; V, virus; F, fungus; P, protozoa; H, helminth.
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