Page 46 - Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology ( PDFDrive )

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CHAPTER 7 Pathogenesis
35
TABLE 7–4 Transmission of Important Waterborne Diseases
1
Type of Organism
Portal of Entry
Pathogen
Disease

Gastrointestinal tract

Diarrhea
Salmonella species
B
1. Ingestion of drinking water
Diarrhea
Campylobacter jejuni
2
Diarrhea
Norovirus
Diarrhea
Giardia lamblia
2. Ingestion of water while swimming 3 Shigella species B B V P P B B Diarrhea
Diarrhea
Cryptosporidium parvum
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Leptospira interrogans
Leptospirosis
Legionella pneumophila
Respiratory tract Inhalation of water aerosol
Pneumonia (Legionnaire’s disease)

Skin

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Hot-tub folliculitis
B
Penetration through skin
H
Schistosomiasis

Schistosoma mansoni

Nose

Meningoencephalitis
Naegleria fowleri
P
Penetration through cribriform plate
into meninges and brain
1
B, bacterium; V, virus; P, protozoa; H, helminth.
2
Formerly called Norwalklike viruses.
3
All of the organisms that cause diarrhea by ingestion of drinking water also cause diarrhea by ingestion of water while swimming.
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TABLE 7–5 Bacterial Diseases Transmitted by Foods
Bacterium
Typical Food
Main Reservoir
Disease

I. Diarrheal diseases

Gram-positive cocci

Staphylococcus aureus
Custard-filled pastries; potato,
Food poisoning, especially vomiting
Humans
egg, or tuna fish salad

Gram-positive rods

Soil
Diarrhea
Bacillus cereus
Reheated rice
Soil, animals, or humans
Diarrhea
Clostridium perfringens
Cooked meat, stew, and gravy
Listeria monocytogenes

Gram-negative rods

Escherichia coli
Diarrhea
Various foods and water
E. coli O157:H7 strain Unpasteurized milk products Soil, animals, or plants Diarrhea, neonatal sepsis
Cattle
Undercooked meat
Hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic-uremic
Clostridium botulinum mebooksfree.com
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syndrome (HUS)
Diarrhea
Poultry, meats, and eggs
Salmonella enteritidis
Domestic animals, especially
poultry
Typhoid fever
Salmonella typhi
Humans
Various foods and water
Humans
Diarrhea (dysentery)
Shigella species
Various foods (e.g., seafood)
Humans
Vibrio cholerae
Diarrhea
and water
Diarrhea
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Seafood
Warm salt water
Diarrhea
Various foods
Campylobacter jejuni
Domestic animals
Diarrhea
Domestic animals
Yersinia enterocolitica
Various foods
II. Nondiarrheal diseases

Gram-positive rods

Improperly canned vegetables
and smoked fish Cows Botulism
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Sepsis in neonate or mother
Unpasteurized milk products
Listeria monocytogenes

Gram-negative rods
Warm salt water
Vibrio vulnificus
Sepsis
Seafood
Meat and milk
Brucella species
Francisella tularensis
Meat
Rabbits
Tularemia

Mycobacteria
Intestinal tuberculosis
Cows
Mycobacterium bovis
Milk
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