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CHAPTER 24 Rosemarie Rizzo Parse 469

MAJOR CONCEPTS & DEFINITIONS—cont’d
and gestures mean. It is possible that persons still may how to be with others, nurses cocreate what happens
not know the meaning of their languaging, and in when they are with persons.
that case the nurse respects the process of coming to
understand the meaning of a situation. Explicating Enabling-Limiting
meaning takes time, and people know when it is right Paradox: Potentiating-Restricting
to illuminate the meaning and significance of an Enabling-limiting is the second concept of the
event or happening. second principle. It is connected with the paradox
potentiating-restricting (Parse, 2007b, 2012b).
Principle 2: Configuring Rhythmical Enabling-limiting is related to the potentials and
Patterns opportunities that surface with the restrictions and
The second principle of humanbecoming is “configur- obstacles of everyday living. Every choice, even those
ing rhythmical patterns is the revealing-concealing made prereflectively, has potentials and restrictions.
and enabling-limiting of connecting-separating” It is not possible to know all the consequences of any
(Parse, 2012b, p. 45). This principle means that human given choice; therefore, people make choices amid
beings create patterns in day-to-day life, and these the reality of ambiguity. Every choice is pregnant
patterns tell about personal meanings and values. In with possibility in both opportunity and restriction.
the patterns of relating that people create, many free- This is verified in practice daily when patients and
doms and restrictions surface with choices; all pat- families say things like, “This is the worst thing that
terns involve complex engagements and disengage- could have happened to our family, but it has helped
ments with people, ideas, and preferences. The second us in many ways.” Enabling-limiting is about choos-
principle has three concepts: (1) revealing-concealing, ing from the possibilities and living with the conse-
(2) enabling-limiting, and (3) connecting-separating. quences of those choices. Nurses help others as they
contemplate the options and anticipated conse-
Revealing-Concealing quences of difficult choices.
Paradox: Disclosing-Not Disclosing
Revealing-concealing is the first concept of the sec- Connecting-Separating
ond principle. The paradox of revealing-concealing Paradox: Attending-Distancing
is disclosing–not disclosing (Parse, 2007b, 2012b). Connecting-separating is the third concept of
Revealing-concealing is the way persons disclose and the second principle. The paradox connected with
keep hidden the persons they are becoming with the connecting-separating is attending-distancing (Parse,
becoming visible–invisible becoming of the emerg- 2007b, 2012b). This concept relates to the ways
ing now (Parse, 1981, 1998, 2007b, 2012b). There is persons create patterns of connecting and separating
always more to tell and more to know about self as with people and projects. Patterns created reveal
well as others. Sometimes people know what they value priorities. Connecting-separating is about com-
want to say, and they deliver messages about what is munion-aloneness and the ways people separate from
becoming visible to them with great clarity; at other some to join with others. Connecting-separating
times, people may surprise themselves with the mes- is also about the paradox attending-distancing and
sages they give as what is becoming visible shifts and explains the way two people can be very close and
changes with the invisible becoming of their emerg- yet separate. Sometimes there is connecting when
ing now. Some aspects of reality and experience people are separating because persons can dwell with
remain concealed. People also disclose–not disclose an absent presence with great intimacy, especially
differently in different situations and with different when grieving for another (Bournes, 2000a; Cody,
people. Patterns of revealing-concealing are cocre- 1995b; Pilkington, 1993). Nurses learn about persons’
ated and intimately connected with the intentions of patterns of connecting-separating by asking about
those persons cocreating the moment. In choosing their important relationships and projects.
Continued