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470 UNIT IV Nursing Theories

MAJOR CONCEPTS & DEFINITIONS—cont’d
Principle 3: Cotranscending with Possibles following two paradoxes: (1) conforming–not
The third principle of humanbecoming is “cotrans- conforming and (2) certainty-uncertainty (Parse,
cending with possibles is the powering and originating 1998, 2007b, 2012b). People strive to be like oth-
of transforming” (Parse, 2012b, p. 45). The meaning ers, and yet they also strive to be unique. Choices
of this principle is that persons continuously change about originating occur with the reality of cer-
and unfold in life as they engage with and choose from tainty-uncertainty. It is not possible to know all
infinite possibilities about how to be, what attitude that may come from choosing to be different or
or approach to have, whom to relate with, and what from choosing to be like others. For some, there is
interests or concerns to explore. Choices reflect the danger in being too much like others; for others,
person’s ways of moving and changing with the be- the danger is in being different. Each person de-
coming visible–invisible becoming of the emerging fines and lives originating in light of their world-
now. The three concepts of this principle are as follows: view and values. Originating and creating anew is
(1) powering, (2) originating, and (3) transforming. a pattern that coexists with constancy and confor-
mity (Parse, 1981, 1998, 2007b, 2012b). Humans
Powering craft their unique patterning of originating as they
Paradoxes: Pushing-Resisting, Affirming–Not engage the possibilities of everyday life. Nurses
Affirming, Being-Nonbeing witness originating with persons choosing how
Powering, the first concept of the third principle, is they are going to be with their changing health
patterns.
connected with the paradoxes pushing-resisting,
affirming–not affirming, and being-nonbeing (Parse, Transforming
1998, 2007b, 2012b). Powering is a concept that conveys
meaning about struggle and life and the will to go on Paradox: Familiar-Unfamiliar
despite hardship and threat. Parse (1981, 1998, 2012b) Transforming, the third concept of the third principle,
describes powering as pushing-resisting that is always is explicated with the paradox familiar-unfamiliar
happening and that affirms being in light of the possi- (Parse, 1998, 2007b, 2012b). Transforming is about
bility of nonbeing. People constantly engage being and the continuously changing and shifting views that
nonbeing. Nonbeing is about loss and the risk of death people have about their lives as they live what is
and rejection. Powering is the force exerted, the push- becoming visible to them with the invisible becoming
ing to act and live with purpose amid possibilities for of their emerging now. People are always struggling
affirming and holding what is cherished while simulta- to integrate the unfamiliar with the familiar in living
neously living with loss and the threat of nonbeing. everydayness. When new discoveries are made, peo-
There is resistance with the pushing force of powering, ple change their understanding and life patterns, and
because persons live with others who are powering with worldviews shift with insights that illuminate a famil-
different possibilities in the visible-invisible becoming iar situation in a new light. Transforming is the ongo-
of the emerging now. Conflict, according to Parse ing change cocreated as new information and insights
(1981, 1998, 2007b, 2012b), presents opportunities to become visible in the emerging now, as people find
clarify meanings and values, and nurses enhance this ways to change in the direction of their cherished
process by being present with persons who are explor- hopes and dreams (Parse, 1981, 1998, 2007b, 2012b).
ing issues, conflicts, and options. Nurses, in the way they are present with others, help
or hinder a person’s efforts to clarify their hopes,
Originating dreams, and desired directions.
Paradoxes: Certainty-Uncertainty, Conforming–
Not Conforming
Originating, the second concept of the third prin-
ciple, is about human uniqueness and holds the