Page 212 - Tafsir of surat at tawba repentance
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“Verily, for those who (allatheena) wage war against Allaah and His
Messenger and spread corruption in the land, the penalty is execution,
crucifixion, severing opposite hands and legs, or banishment from the
land. That is their disgrace in this life, and in the next life they will
receive a severe punishment, except those who repent before they are
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caught.”
2. Sifah (modification):
This type refers mainly to relative clauses introduced by the relative pronouns
allathee, allatee (who, which), and their derivatives. An example of this type of
specification can be found in the following verse concerning the forbidden
categories of marriage:
( £`ÎgÎ/ OçFù=yzy ÓÉL»©9$# ãNä3ͬ!$|¡ÎpS `ÏiB Nà2Íqàfãm Îû ÓÉL»©9$# ãNà6ç6Í´¯»t/uur )
“And your stepdaughters (rabaa’ibukum) under your care, born of
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your wives whom (allaatee) you have entered.”
That is, a man’s stepdaughter by a wife with whom he had sexual intercourse is
forbidden to him if he divorces his wife or if she dies. However, if he divorced her
before consummating the marriage or if she died before he did so, he would be
able to marry her daughter (his stepdaughter). Thus, the relative clause, “whom
you have entered” specifies the general phrase, “step-daughters of your wives.”
3. Shart (condition):
Conditional clauses function as specifiers since they state the dependence of
one circumstance or set of circumstances on another. Such clauses are usually
introduced by a subordinator such as “in” (if). For example, the verse,
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Soorah al-Maa’idah (5):33-4.
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Soorah an-Nisaa’ (4):23.
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