Page 214 - Tafsir of surat at tawba repentance

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5. Badal al-ba‘d minal-kull (substitution of a part for the whole): This is an
Arabic construction in which a form of relative clause introduced by the
subordinator “whoever” (man) des-cribes an aspect of a noun which it can take
the place of. An example of this type of construction can be seen in a literal
translation of the verse,

( Wx‹Î6y™ Ïmø‹s9Î) tí$sÜtGó™$# Ç`tB ÏMøt7ø9$# kÏm Ĩ$¨Z9$# ’n?tã ¬!ur )

“Allaah has a right on all people (an-naas) to make hajj to the House;
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whoever (man) is able to find a way there.”
In Arabic, the subordinator “whoever” represents a part of the phrase “all people”
and is substituted in its place. Hence the verse could be translated, “Allaah has a
right on whoever is able to find a way that they make hajj to the House
(Ka‘bah).”

Takhsees of a verse by an external statement

As was previously mentioned, the other type of takhsees occurs outside of the
general statement which it qualifies. The following are the most common ways in
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which specification may take place outside of the general verse:

1. Qur’aan:
A general Qur’aanic statement may become specified by another verse found
elsewhere in the Qur’aan. A good example of this type of qualification can be
seen in the following case:

( &äÿrãè% spsW»n=rO £`ÎgÅ¡àÿRr'Î/ šÆóÁ­/uŽtItƒ àM»s)¯=sÜßJø9$#ur )

“Divorced women (al-mutallaqaat) should wait for three menstrual
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periods.”

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Soorah Aal ‘Imraan (3):97.
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See al-Itqaan, vol. 3, pp. 47-8.
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Soorah al-Baqarah (2):228.

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