Page 302 - Robot Design Handbook ROBOCON Malaysia 2019
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   =    (  ̈ −   ̈ ) +    (  ̇ −   ̇ ) +    (   −    )                                   (1)
                                      
                             0
                        
                                                         0
                                                    
                                           0
               where x0 is nominal robot position, x is the actual one, Mt, Bt and Kt are target mass, damping
               and  stiffness,  respectively,  F  is  the  external  force  exerted  upon  the  robot.  The  robust
               interaction-control approach [7] considers a simplified interaction model of an impedance
               controlled robot.






































                               Figure 6: Design structure of the dual-arm robot manipulator.



                   The Cartesian reference frame definitions for dual-arms for both arms are shown in

                   Figures 7 and 8, respectively.
























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