Page 18 - Drug Discovery and Development: Prospects and Challenges

8 / Drug Discovery and Development: Prospects and Challenges

extraction, such as ultrasound, microwave, enzyme-assisted extraction,
and subcritical and supercritical fluid extraction.

Figure 6: General procedure to develop a new drug from plant sources
Figure 6: General procedure to develop a new drug from plant sources
The extract is purified using chromatography methods, such as column
chromatography, preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), and
The extract is purified using chromatography methods, such as column chromatography,
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Then, in vitro and
preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
in vivo bioactivities of the purified compound is tested and analysed.
(HPLC). Then, in vitro and in vivo bioactivities of the purified compound is tested and analysed.
Furthermore, enzymes and cell culture assay are used to assess the in
Furthermore, enzymes and cell culture assay are used to assess the in vitro bioactivity as well as
vitro bioactivity as well as numerous biological activities in individual
numerous biological activities in individual cells without the distractions and potential confounding
cells without the distractions and potential confounding variables that can
variables that can occur in whole organisms (Schulman, 2020). Therefore, the compiling of all
occur in whole organisms (Schulman, 2020). Therefore, the compiling
information with regard to the support on the use of traditional medicine for modern use in the
of all information with regard to the support on the use of traditional
translational study is a very important stage in drug discovery and development (Аrbаin et al., 2021).
medicine for modern use in the translational study is a very important
Most drug products fail to reach the market due to two reasons, the first is that they do not work and
the second is that they are not safe (Hughes et al., 2011).

13