Page 241 - Pali English Dictionary.

Kāraṇa Kāla

through, by (=hetu or nissāya) PvA 27; imasmā k° therefore cp. Lat. cālīgo mist, fog, darkness. — (b) see below, under
2
PvA 40; kāraṇaṭṭhā (expl. as attha — kāraṇā Nd ) for the note. — Hence. 2. the morning mist, or darkness preced-
purpose of some object or advantage Sn 75; opp. nikkāraṇā ing light, daybreak, morning (cp. E. morning=Goth. maúr-
from unselfishness ibid. — sakāraṇa (adj.) with good reason gins twilight, Sk. marka eclipse, darkness; and also gloam-
(of vacana) PvA 109. ing= gleaming=twilight), then: time in general, esp. a fixed
time, a point from or to which to reckon, i. e. term or ter-
Kāraṇika [der. fr. prec.] the meaning ought to be "one who is
minus (a quo or ad quem). — Note. The definition of colour
under a certain obligation" or "one who dispenses certain obli-
— expressions is extremely difficult. To a primitive colour
gations." In usu° S ii.257 however used simply in the sense of
— sense the principal difference worthy of notation is that be-
making: arrow — maker, fletcher. Perhaps the reading should
tween dark and light, or dull and bright, which in their expres-
be °kāraka.
sions, however, are represented as complements for which the
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Kāraṇḍava [of uncertain etym., cp. karaṇḍa] chaff, offal, sweep-
same word may be used in either sense of the complementary
ings, fig. dirt, impurity: yava° A iv.169 (chaff); samaṇa° ibid.
part (dark for light and vice versa, cp. E. gleam > gloom). All
— In passage kāraṇḍavaṁ niddhamatha, kasambuṁ apakas- we can say is that kāla belongs to the group of expressions
d
satha A iv.172=Sn 281=Miln 414 trsl by Rh. Davids Miln
for dark which may be represented simultaneously by black,
trsl. ii.363 "get rid of filth, put aside rubbish from you," expl. blue, or brown. That on the other hand, black, when polished
3
SnA 311 by kacavara (q. v.). Rh. D's note loc. cit. is to be
or smooth, supplies also the notion of "shining" is evidenced
modified according to the parallel passages just given.
by kāḷa and kaṇha as well, as e. g. by *skei in Sk. chāyā=Gr.
8
d
2
Kāraṇḍava [cp. Sk. kāraṇḍava] a sort of duck Vv 35 (expl as σκιά shadow as against Ags. hāēven "blue" (E. heaven) and
also by Halāyudha 2, 99 by kādamba, black goose). Ohg. skīnan, E. to shine and sky. The psychological value of
a colour depends on its light — reflecting (or light-absorbing)
Kārā (f.) [cp. Sk. kārā] confinement, captivity, jail, in °bhedaka
quality. A bright black appears lighter (reflects more light)
cora a thief who has broken out of jail Vin i.75.
than a dull grey, therefore a polished (añjana) black (=sukāḷa)
Kārāpaka [fr. kārāpeti] a schemer, inventor J vi.333.
may readily be called "brilliant." In the same way kāla, com-
Kārāpaṇa see kāreti. bined with other colour — words of black connotation does not
need to mean "black," but may mean simply a kind of black,
Kārāpita [pp. of kārāpeti, Caus. of karoti] made to do J vi.374.
i. e. brown. This depends on the semasiological contrast or
Kārikā see kāraka
equation of the passage in question. Cp. Sk. śyāma (dark —
Kāritā = kārikā (performance); see pāripūri°. grey) and śyāva (brown) under kāsāya. That the notion of the
speckled or variegated colour belongs to the sphere of black, is
Kārin (—°) (adj.) doing: yathāvādī tathākārī "as he says so he
does" D iii.135, Sn 357; see for examples the various cpds. as psychologically simple (: dark specks against a light ground,
kamma°, kibbisa°, khaṇḍa°, chidda°, dukkaṭa°, dvaya°, pac- cp. kammāsa), and is also shown by the second etymology of
cakkha°, pubba°, sakkacca°, sampajāna°, etc. kāla=Sk. śāra, mottled, speckled=Lat. caerulus, black — blue
and perhaps caelum "the blue" (cp. heaven)=Gr. κηρύλος the
Kāriya (adj.) [grd. of kāreti, Caus. of karoti] to be done, neg.
blue ice — bird. (On k > s cp. kaṇṇa > śṛṇga, kilamati > śra-
akāriya to be undone, (not) to be made good It 18.
mati, kilissati > ślis°, etc.) The usual spelling of kāla as kāḷa
Kāruñña (nt.) [fr. karuṇa] compassion (usually with anudayā and indicates a connection of the ḷ with the r of śāra. — The defini-
anukampā) S ii.199; A iii.189; Vism 300; PvA 75; Sdhp 509. tion of kāḷa as jhām' angārasadisa is conventional and is used
Kāruññatā (f.) compassionateness S i.138. both by Bdhgh. and Dhpāla: DhsA 317 and PvA 90.
n
1
1. Kāḷa, dark, black, etc., in enum of colours Vv 22 (see
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Kāruṇika (adj.) [fr. karuṇa] compassionate, merciful Pv ii.1 ;
VvA 111). na kāḷo samaṇo Gotamo, na pi sāmo: mangura —
PvA 16; Bdhd 49; often with mahā°: of great mercy Sdhp
cchavi samano G. "The ascetic Gotamo is neither black nor
330, 557; so of the Buddha: mahākāruṇika nātha "the Saviour
brown: he is of a golden skin" M i.246; similarly as kāḷī vā
of great mercy" in introductory stanzas to Pv and Vv.
sāmā vā manguracchavī vā of a kalyāṇī, a beautiful woman
Kāreti (Causative of karoti), to construct, to build, etc.; pp. kārita; at D I.193= M. ii.40; kāḷa — sāma at Vin iv.120 is to be
der. -kārāpaṇa the construction of (vihāra°) DhA i.416. For taken as dark — grey. — Of the dark half of the month: see
details see karoti iv.; see also kārāpaka & kārāpita. °pakkha, or as the new moon: āgame kāḷe "on the next new
1
Kāla (and Kāḷa) — Preliminary. 1. dark (syn. kaṇha, which moon day" Vin i.176. — of Petas: Pv ii.4 (kāḷī f.); PvA 56 1
cp. for meaning and applications), black, blueblack, misty, (°rūpa); of the dog of Yama (°sunakha) PvA 151. — In other
n
cloudy. Its proper sphere of application is the dark as opposed conn : kāḷavaṇṇa — bhūmi darkbrown (i. e. fertile) soil Vin
to light, and it is therefore characteristic of all phenomena or i.48=ii.209.
beings belonging to the realm of darkness, as the night, the -añjana black collyrium Vini.203; -ânusārī black, (pol-
new moon, death, ghosts, etc. — There are two etymologies ished?) Anusāri ("a kind of dark, fragrant sandal wood" Vin.
suggestible, both of which may have been blended since In- Texts ii.51) Vin i.203; S iii.156=v.44= A v.22; -ayasa black
doAryan times: (a) kāla=Sk. kāla, blue — black, kālī black (dark) iron (to distinguish it from bronze, Rh. D., Miln trsl.
cloud from *qāl (with which conn. *qel in kalanka, spot, ii.364; cp. blacksmith > silversmith) Miln 414, 415; -kañjaka
kalusa dirty, kammāsa speckled, Gr. κελαινός, Mhg. hilwe a kind of Asuras, Titans D iii.7; J v.187; PvA 272; -kaṇṇī
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mist)=Lat. cālidus spot, Gr. κηλίς spot, and κηλάς dark cloud; "black — cared," as an unlucky quality. Cp. iii.6 ; J i.239;
iv.189; v.134, 211; vi.347; DhA i.307; ii.26; the vision of the
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