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694 SeCTiON iii Rapid Review ` ClassiC Presentations Rapid Review ` ClassiC labs/FinDinGs

CliniCal Presentation DiaGnosis/Disease PaGe
Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape Babinski sign (UMN lesion) 510
Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality Klüver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion) 511
Resting tremor, athetosis, chorea Basal ganglia lesion 511

Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury Epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery 513
rupture)
“Worst headache of my life” Subarachnoid hemorrhage 513
Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability, Parkinson disease (loss of dopaminergic neurons in 520
shuffling gait substantia nigra pars compacta)
Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration Huntington disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat 520
expansion)
Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral Multiple sclerosis 523
internuclear ophthalmoplegia
Rapidly progressive limb weakness that ascends following Guillain-Barré syndrome (acute inflammatory 524
GI/upper respiratory infection demyelinating polyradiculopathy subtype)
Café-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma), Neurofibromatosis type I 525
cutaneous neurofibromas, pheochromocytomas, optic
gliomas
Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain) of the face Nevus flammeus (benign, but associated with Sturge- 525
Weber syndrome)
Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor 525
angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma gene mutation)
Bilateral vestibular schwannomas Neurofibromatosis type 2 525
Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign present UMN damage 529
Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations LMN damage 529
Spastic weakness, sensory loss, bowel/bladder dysfunction Spinal cord lesion 530
Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead LMN facial nerve (CN VII) palsy; UMN lesions spare the 532
forehead
Episodic vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss Ménière disease 534
Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis Horner syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion) 540
Conjugate horizontal gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; may be 543
unilateral or bilateral)
Polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure, Fanconi syndrome (multiple combined dysfunction of the 586
electrolyte imbalances, hypophosphatemic rickets proximal convoluted tubule)
Athlete with polycythemia 2° to erythropoietin injection 589
Periorbital and/or peripheral edema, proteinuria (> 3.5g/ Nephrotic syndrome 597
day), hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia
Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, Alport syndrome (mutation in collagen IV) 596
retinopathy, lens dislocation
Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, Turner syndrome (45,XO) 638
cystic hygroma at birth, short stature, webbed neck,
lymphedema
Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola Paget disease of the breast (sign of underlying neoplasm) 650

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